环状RNAFBXW7在三阴乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

黄俊1,高关凤2,曾艳2,唐海林2,杨凤姣1

(1.邵阳学院 基础医学院,湖南 邵阳 422000;2.中山大学 肿瘤防治中心,广东 广州 510000)

摘 要 背景与目的:环状RNA(circRNA)是参与多种癌症进程的重要调节因子。据报道,环状RNAFBXW7(circFBXW7)在胶质瘤中通过编码一种新蛋白发挥抑癌作用。然而,其在三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)中的功能和机制尚不明确。本研究探讨了circFBXW7 在TNBC 中的作用及其临床意义。方法:收集240 例TNBC 患者的新鲜癌组织及临床资料,通过qRT-PCR 检测癌组织中circFBXW7 的表达,用Kaplan-Meier 法分析TNBC 患者circFBXW7 表达水平与预后的关系,并用Cox 回归方法分析TNBC 患者的预后因素。用CCK8 实验、Transwell 实验、qRT-PCR 观察TNBC 细胞株MDA-MB-231 和HCC1806 过表达circFBXW7 后增殖与迁移、侵袭能力以及miR-197-3p 表达的变化,在上述两种细胞中,敲除circFBXW7 并转染miR-197-3p 抑制剂后,用Transwell 实验与克隆形成实验分析增殖与侵袭能力的变化。结果:240 例TNBC 患者癌组织标本中circFBXW7 的平均表达水平为1.043±0.268,以1.043 为临界值分组生存分析显示,circFBXW7 低表达患者的总生存期和无病生存期明显短于circFBXW7 高表达患者(均P<0.05);circFBXW7 表达以及组织学分级、TNM 分期为TNBC 患者预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。细胞实验显示,过表达circFBXW7 后,MDA-MB-231 和HCC1806 细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭能力以及miR-197-3p 表达均明显降低(均P<0.05);共转染miR-197-3p 抑制剂可逆转由于敲除circFBXW7 所致的MDA-MB-231 和HCC1806 细胞的增殖与侵袭能力的增强(均P<0.05)。结论:circFBXW7 的表达在TNBC 中发挥抑癌作用,机制可能与其竞争性吸附miR-197-3p,从而抑制TNBC 细胞的增殖与侵袭有关,FBXW7 可能是一种新型TNBC 预后生物标志物及潜在治疗靶标。

关键词 三阴性乳腺癌;RNA,环状;细胞增殖;肿瘤侵润

乳腺癌是全世界妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤之一[1]。三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)是乳腺癌的一种亚型,不表达HER-2 受体、雌激素受体(ER)及孕激素受体(PR)。临床上采取综合治疗方法,对早期TNBC的治疗可以起到一定的效果,而对于中期或晚期患者则以化学疗法为主[2]。但晚期患者化疗的反应期和总体生存期(OS)都较短,且易产生毒性和耐药性[3-6]。尽管TNBC患者仅占乳腺癌患者的12%~17%[7],但与其他类型的乳腺癌相比,TNBC是侵袭性和转移性最强的亚型,且由于缺乏有效的治疗靶点而被认为是预后最差的亚型[8-9]。毫无疑问,研发更为有效的分子靶标和新型生物标志物是完善TNBC治疗和监测的当务之急。新标靶的探索及相关机制对治疗TNBC具有重要意义。

最近,环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)对癌症进展和复发的复杂影响引起了医学界极大的研究兴趣[10]。circRNA是一类内源单链非编码RNA分子,在人类细胞中广泛分布且种类,可以调节真核生物中的基因表达[11]。circRNA作为一种调控性RNA,可以调控基因转录,调节选择性剪接,抑制miRNA的成熟,促进蛋白质与蛋白质的相互作用以及充当miRNA的海绵[12]。它是一种稳定表达的非编码RNA,circRNA的失调在人类癌症发病机理中也起着至关重要的作用[13]。越来越多的报道表明circRNA与多种人类肿瘤相关,例如乳腺癌[14],肺癌[15],肝细胞癌[16],膀胱癌[17],肾细胞癌[18]和乳腺癌[19]。有研究报道,来自F-box和WD重复结构域的circRNA(circFBXW7)通过编码新型21 kDa蛋白FBXW7-185aa在人脑中的发挥肿瘤抑制因子的作用。基因FBXW7部分外显子来源的circRNA编码的蛋白可与FBXW7 mRNA编码的蛋白协同作用,调控原癌基因Myc的稳定性,从而抑制胶质瘤的发生和进展[20]。最近,一项研究认为circFBXW7可通过竞争性吸附miR-197-3p并编码FBXW7-185aa蛋白上调FBXW7基因表达,从而抑制乳腺癌的进展[21]。然而,circFBXW7在TNBC的作用及机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨circFBXW7对TNBC细胞的增殖、侵袭性的影响。

1 材料与方法

1.1 临床标本与资料

临床标本收集了从2005年3月3日—2011年9月26日于中山大学肿瘤防治中心被确认为TNBC患者的240例新鲜肿瘤样本,患者的随访时间5年以上或者截止到死亡结局发生时。所有切除的组织均立即浸入RNAlater(Ambion,TX)中;患者定期随访,并记录临床数据。这项研究经中山大学肿瘤防治中心伦理委员会批准,并根据赫尔辛基宣言进行。参与本研究前已获得所有患者书面知情同意。240例患者的基本临床资料见表1。

表1 240 例患者的基本临床资料[n(%)]
Table 1 The general data of the 240 patients[n(%)]

资料数值年龄(岁)<50136(56.6)≥50104(43.3)病理分级I~II144(60.0)III~IV96(40.0)淋巴结状态阴性123(51.3)阳性117(48.8)肿瘤大小(cm)≤2.0218(90.8)>2.022(9.2)是否绝经否144(60.0)是96(40.0)

1.2 细胞株及主要试剂

人类TNBC细胞株MDA-MB-231、HCC1806购自美国ATCC细胞库,经过适当培养并传代不超过10代。MDA-MB231和HCC1806细胞系均无支原体及其他污染物感染。RPMI1640和DMEM(4.5 g)培养基、胰蛋白酶、胎牛血清(FBS)购自美国Gibco公司,转染试剂Lipofectamine 2000,TRIzol购自美国Invitrogen公司,SYBRSuper Mix试剂购自日本Takara,PCR引物购自GeneCopoeia有限公司。CCK-8试剂盒购自日本Dojindo,Transwell小室(孔径3.0 μm)购自美国Corning公司,Matrigel基质胶购自美国BD公司。circFBXW7 shRNA购自GeneCopoeia有限公司。

1.3 qRT-PCR 法检测circFBXW7 在TNBC 组织中的表达

乳腺癌组织和细胞用按照试剂说明书用TRIzol裂解提取总RNA,按照GeneCopoeia反转录试剂盒说明书制备cDNA,用SYBRPremix Ex Taq进行qRT-PCR。以GAPDH为内参。利用各实验组目的基因及内参基因的Ct值,按照公式ΔCt=Ct目的基因-Ct内参基因,以2-ΔΔCt法计算目的基因的相对表达量,所有qRT-PCR分析均使用Bio-Rad IQTM5多色实时荧光定量PCR检测系统(美国)进行。反应体系为20 µL,每个样本重复3次。

1.4 载体构建和转染

载体的合成和转染人circ FBXW7 的全长cDNA,并将其克隆到pCDNA3.0 载体中以构建过表达质粒,通过q RT-PCR 评估效率,用Lipofectamine 2000进行转染,完全培养基中细胞生长至约50%密度;室温下孵育20 min,使形成脂质体复合体;往复合体中加入无血清的培养液,温和混匀,加入到待转染的培养瓶中;细胞培养箱孵育24~48 h后,收集细胞,抽提总RNA,蛋白。microRNA抑制剂和模拟物由GeneCopoeia公司合成。

1.5 CCK-8 检测细胞增殖

制备单细胞悬液:取对数增殖期的MDAMB-231和HCC1806以103细胞/孔的密度接种在96孔板中,每孔设置3个复孔,孵育48 h后。每个孔中加入10 µLCCK-8溶液添加至铺板的细胞中,将其在37 ℃,5%CO2的潮湿环境中培养,孵育2 h。使用微量滴定板读数器评估450 nm波长的吸光度。

1.6 Transwell 小室检测细胞迁移与侵袭能力

通常,使用迁移室进行Transwell分析,收集稳定转染的细胞,以2×104个悬浮细胞重悬于无血清的培养基中,每孔设置3个复孔,然后转移到水合基质胶室中。并将20%胎牛血清作为趋化剂添加到下室中在37 ℃和5%CO2孵育48 h后,用棉签刮擦上表面的细胞,将膜底部的浸润细胞在室温下用甲醇固定30 min,然后在室温下用结晶紫染色,计数并成像。

1.7 克隆形成实验

消化重悬细胞至适宜密度,以1×103个细胞每孔的数量接种于六孔板中并在温箱中孵育7~14 d,待肉眼可观察到细胞集落形成终止培养。用PBS洗去残余的培养基后,甲醇固定细胞集落10 min,倒去甲醇开盖晾干剩余的甲醇,加入0.1%结晶紫染色15 min。之后,对集落进行拍照和计数。

1.8 统计学处理

本实验数据应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析,各组之间的比较采用t检验和χ2检验进行,根据Kaplan-Meier方法绘制OS和无病生存(DFS)曲线,并使用Log-rank检验进行比较,从手术当天起开始计算存活时间。使用Cox回归分析circFBXW7单因素和多因素与生存的关系,以及风险值(HR)。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 circFBXW7 表达与TNBC 患者预后的关系

240 例TNBC 患者新鲜癌组织标本中circ FBXW7 的平均表达水平为1.043±0.268。以平均表达水平定义为临界值,将患者分为高表达组(表达量>1.043)和低表达组(表达量≤1.043),其中高表达组100例,低表达组140例,低表达组死亡为28 例,复发为30 例;高表达组死亡10例,复发12例。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,低circFBXW7组患者的OS和DFS均明显短于高circFBXW7组患者(均P<0.05)(图1)。

图1 不同circFBXW7 表达水平TNBC 患者的OS 和DFS 曲线
Figure 1 The OS and DFS curves of TNBC patients with different circFBXW7 expression levels

2.2 TNBC 患者预后因素分析

单因素Cox回归分析显示,组织学分级、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、circFBXW7表达是TNBC患者预后的影响因素(均P<0.05);多因素Cox回归分析显示,组织学分级、TNM分期、circFBXW7表达是TNBC患者预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)(表2)。

表2 单因素和多因素Cox 回归分析
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis

参数50 岁)单因素分析多因素分析HR 95% CIP HR 95% CIP年龄(>50 岁vs.<0.9760.653~1.4580.9041.2031.239~2.3690.161组织学分级(G3 vs.G1~2) 1.7221.097~2.7020.0181.7560.962~2.7540.043肿瘤大小(>2.0 cm vs.<2.0 cm) 1.9341.115~3.3560.0191.5040.845~2.6740.165淋巴结转移(阳性vs.阴性) 1.9781.269~3.0810.0031.4680.913~2.3610.113TNM 分期(III~IV vs.I~II) 2.3421.560~3.5160.0011.7791.143~2.7690.011 circFBXW7 表达(高表达vs.低表达) 0.1890.105~0.3390.0010.2150.119~0.3870.001

2.3 circFBXW7 对TNBC 细胞增殖的影响

为了研究circFBXW7在TNBC细胞中的生物学功能和作用,构建了circFBXW7过表达载体,并验证了其在MDA-MB-231和HCC1806细胞系中的作用,结果显示,过表达组TNBC细胞株(MDAMB-231、HCC1806)的circFBXW7表达量明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)(图2)。细胞增殖测定实验结果表明,circFBXW7的过表达的TNBC细胞系(MDA-MB-231和HCC1806)的增殖能力明显降低(均P<0.05)(图3)。

图2 circFBXW7 在TNBC 细胞株中过表达验证
Figure 2 Verification of circFBXW7 over-expression of in TNBC cell lines

图3 过表达circFBXW7 对TNBC 细胞增殖能力的影响
Figure 3 Effect of circFBXW7 over-expression on proliferation of TNBC cells

2.4 circFBXW7 对TNBC 细胞的迁移、侵袭的影响

Transwell实验结果显示,circFBXW7的过表达明显抑制了这两种TNBC细胞系的迁移能力(均P<0.05)(图4),加入基质胶后检测过表达circFBXW7后两种TNBC细胞系的侵袭能力(均P<0.05)(图5)。

图4 过表达circFBXW7 对TNBC 细胞迁移能力的影响
Figure 4 Effect of circFBXW7 over-expression on migration ability of TNBC cells

图5 过表达circFBXW7 对TNBC 细胞侵袭能力的影响
Figure 5 Effect of circFBXW7 over-expression on invasion ability of TNBC cells

2.5 过表达circFBXW7 对miR-197-3p 表达的影响

q RT-PCR 结果显示,过表达组TNBC 细胞(MDA-MB-231、HCC1806)中的miR-197-3p表达量明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)(图6)。

图6 过表达circFBXW7 对miR-197-3p 表达的影响
Figure 6 Influence of circFBXW7 overexpression on miRNA-197-3p expression

2.6 抑制miR-197-3p 对circFBXW7 敲除所致的细胞增殖和侵袭能力增强的影响

在敲除circ FBXW7 的细胞中转染miR-197-3p抑制剂,再进行Transwell实验和克隆形成实验,结果显示,抑制miR-197-3 p 后可减少由于circ FBXW7 敲低所致的细胞增殖和侵袭能力的增强(均P<0.05)(图7)。该结果提示,circFBXW7可能是通过miR-197-3p发挥作用,通过吸附miR-197-3 p,减少其表达,抑制肿瘤的发展。

图7 抑制miR-197-3p 对circFBXW7 敲除所致的细胞增殖和侵袭能力增强的影响 A:克隆形成实验检测增殖能力;B:Transwell 实验检测侵袭能力
Figure 7 Influences of miR-197-3p inhibition on the increased proliferation and invasion abilities induced by circFBXW7 knockdown A:Colony formation assay for determining proliferation ability;B:Transwell assay for determining invasion ability

3 讨论

尽管诊断和治疗手段得到了一定的发展,但是乳腺癌仍然是女性人群癌症中死亡的主要原因[22]。circRNA是人类癌症中重要的调节因子[23]。随着下一代测序和生物信息技术的迅速发展,人们已经阐明了circRNA在人类癌症中起着至关重要的作用,并表现出作为生物标志物和治疗靶标的巨大潜力[24-26]。circRNA与传统的线性RNA相比,通过反向剪接产生的共价闭合环没有5'-cap或3'-poly(A)尾巴,属于内源性非编码RNA的新兴亚组。其特征是组织特异性和结构稳定性[27-30]。迄今为止,已有不同研究小组筛选和鉴定了多种与癌症(包括乳腺癌在内)相关的功能性circRNA[31]。这些circRNA在多种癌症中起癌基因或抑癌作用[32]。据报道[21,33]circFBXW7具有抑癌作用,在正常脑组织中大量表达,在神经胶质瘤中下调[20]。但是,TNBC中circFBXW7的生物学功能和作用仍然不清楚。本研究探讨了circFBXW7在TNBC中的作用机制及临床价值,使用Kaplan-Meier方法分析了240例TNBC患者的circFBXW7表达水平来评判OS和DFS。结果发现低circFBXW7水平的乳腺癌患者的OS和DFS较差。且Cox分析结果显示,高表达circFBXW7患者死亡的风险明显升高。这些结果表明circFBXW7的低表达与TNBC患者较差的临床预后密切相关。由此可以推断circFBXW7可能是TNBC患者的独立预后因素。

笔者在之前的研究中检测了TNBC 细胞系(MDA-MB-231 和HCC1806)中circ FBXW7的表达水平,其表达水平较低,通过过表达circFBXW7后,用CCK8法检测MDA-MB-231和HCC1806细胞增殖情况并使用Transwell小室法实验检测细胞的迁移能力。结果发现在体外试验中,过表达MDA-MB-231 和HCC1806 细胞中circFBXW7水平后,显著抑制了MDA-MB-231和HCC1806细胞的增殖、侵袭能力,同时,两种细胞的miR-197-3p表达水平也明显降低。然而,使用miR-197-3p抑制剂后,circFBXW7表达降低所致的细胞增殖和侵袭能力增强被明显抑制。以上结果提示,circFBXW7可能通过吸附miR-197-3p,减少其表达,抑制肿瘤的发展。

总之。本研究表明,circ FBXW7 可以抑制TNBC 的发生发展,其作用机制可能与通过miRNA海绵作用吸附miR-197-3p的作用有关,circFBXW7有望成为TNBC预后生物标志物及潜在治疗靶标。

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Expression of circular RNAFBXW7 in triple-negative breast cancer and its clinical significance

HUANG Jun1,GAO Guanfeng2,ZENG Yan2,TANG Hailin2,YANG Fengjiao1

(1.Basic Medical Science,Shaoyang University,Shanyang,Hunan 422000,China;2.Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center,Guangzhou 510000,China)

Abstract Background and Aims:Circular RNAs are a class of important regulatory elements that are involved in many cancer processes.It was reported that circular RNAFBXW7(RNA circFBXW7)plays a tumor suppressor role in glioma through encoding a novel protein.However,its function and action mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is still unclear.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the role of circFBXW7 in TNBC and its clinical significance.Methods:The fresh specimens of tumor tissues from 240TNBC patients and their clinical data were collected.the related prognosis data were also collected.The expression levels of circFBXW7 in these samples were detected by qRT-PCR,the relationship between circFBXW7 expression and the prognosis of TNBC patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method,and the prognostic factors for TNBC patients were determined by Cox regression analysis.In TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 after circFBXW7 over-expression,the changes in proliferation,migration and invasion abilities as well as miR-197-3p expression were examined by CCK8 assay and Transwell chamber assay.In above two types of cells after circFBXW7 knockdown and simultaneous miR-197-3p inhibitor transfection,the changes in proliferation and invasion abilities were measured by colony formation assay and Transwell chamber assay,respectively.Results:The average expression level of circFBXW7 in the tumor tissues from the 240TNBC patients was 1.043±0.268.Using 1.043 as a threshold value,the results of grouped analysis showed that both overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with low circFBXW7 expression were significantly shorter than those in patients with high circFBXW7 expression(both P<0.05);the circFBXW7 expression,histological grade and TNM classification were independent influencing factors for the prognosis of TNBC patients(all P<0.05).The results of cytological studies showed that the proliferation,migration and invasion abilities as well as the miR-197-3p expression levels of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cells were significantly reduced after circFBXW7 overexpression(all P<0.05);the increased proliferation and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cells induced by circFBXW7 knockdown were reversed by simultaneous miR-197-3p inhibitor transfection(both P<0.05).Conclusion:The circFBXW7 expression plays a suppressing role in TNBC,and the mechanism may be associated with its competitive binding miR-197-3p and thereby inhibit the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells.It may be a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.

Key words Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms;RNA,Circular;Cell Proliferation;Neoplasm Invasiveness

中图分类号:R737.9

doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.05.011

http://dx.doi.org/10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.05.011

Chinese Journal of General Surgery,2021,30(5):583-590.

基金项目:湖南省教育厅青年基金资助项目(20B526)。

收稿日期:2020-04-26;

修订日期:2020-11-18。

作者简介:黄俊,邵阳学院基础医学院副教授,主要从事基础医学方面的研究。

通信作者:杨凤姣,Email:26324782@qq.com

CLC number:R737.9

(本文编辑 宋涛)

本文引用格式:黄俊,高关凤,曾艳,等.环状RNAFBXW7在三阴乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义[J].中国普通外科杂志,2021,30(5):583-590.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.05.011

Cite this article as:Huang J,Gao GF,Zeng Y,et al.Expression of circular RNAFBXW7 in triple-negative breast cancer and its clinical significance[J].Chin JGen Surg,2021,30(5):583-590.doi:10.7659/j.issn.1005-6947.2021.05.011