Objective：To explore the application of autologous bone marrow stem celI transplantation in the treatment of chronic ischemic disease of lower extremity and evaluate the effect.
Methods：Forty patients with chronic ischemic limbs were treated from January 2008 to April 2009. The bone marrow of each patient was stimulated by an injection of the recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulatory factor(GCSF), 300μg /d, for 2-3 days. Then,200 mL of bone marrow was withdrawn from the iliac spine and the stem cells were obtained. After the bone marrow separation and purification, they were transplanted into the more severely ischemic limb.  After the transplantation, they were foIlowed up by phone once a month for six months. The skin temperature, transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2), digital subtraction angiography（DSA）and ankle/brachial index(ABI)were rechecked at 6 months later, and the symptoms of pain, cold, numbness, intermittent claudication and physical signs of ulcer and gangrene were also evaluated. 
Results：All of the 40 patients were followed-up. At 6 months post-transplantation, the various indices were compared with before transplantation.（1）The skin temperature and TcPO2 had significante improvement (P<0.01).（2）ABI had no statistical significance (P>0.05).（3）DSA and all of the clinical symptoms showed general improvement in more than 60% of cases.（4）There were no serious complications.
Conclusions： Transplantation of stimulated autologous bone marrow stem cells is effective in the treatment of ischemic disease of lower limb, which is a simple, safe and effective treatment for ischemic disease of lower limb.