Objective：To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT).
Methods：Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 25 patients with AMVT admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from August 2008 to May 2010 was carried out.
Results：All of the 25 patients had abdominal pain, and with signs of peritoneal irritation in 11. The 25 patients were diagnosised by CTA. Thirteen patients underwent laparotomy, 5 received regional  thrombolytic therapy via superior mesenteric artery, and 7 received anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy by peripheral venous route. Twenty-one patients were cured, but four patients died including two who had surgical treatment and two who were treated conservatively. At follow-up of 2-24 months, there were two cases of recurrence.
Conclusions：After diagnosis of AMVT is determined by color doppler ultrasound and CTA, prompt treatment with anticoagulation and thrombolytic medication, and in cases of peritonitis, surgery with postoperative thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy, can resut in good clinical outcome.