Objective：To investigate the clinical character and risk factors of  biliary complications after liver transplantation.
Methods：The clinical data of 172 cases undergoing liver transplantation in the five and a half years in Nanfang Hospital were studied retrospectively. Forty-four independent variables were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression to screen out the risk factors.
Results：Bliary complications occurred in 32 cases（18.6%）, including 10 cases of biliary leakage, 14 cases of biliary stricture without leakage, 5 cases of biliary calculi without stricture or leakage, 2 cases of simple biliary infection and 1 case of simple hemobilia. The median occurring time of biliary complications was 22(3-585)d after surgery. Logistic regression analysis showed four independent risk factors related with biliary complications: acute rejection(P＜0.001), chronic rejection(P=0.030),  useing T-tube(P=0.005), and the hepatic arterial resistive index（RI） lower than 0.66 one month after transplantation(P=0.026).
Conclusions：Rigorous monitoring of hepatic arterial flow, preventative anticoagulant therapy, normative antirejection therapy, bile duct reconstruction without T-tube are the keypoints to reduce the incidence of biliary complications.