Objective:To investigate the particularities of surgical treatment of schizophrenia patients with cholecystolithiasis. Methods:The clinical data of 35 schizophrenic patients with cholecystolithiasis treated in our department in past 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The psychiatric symptoms in all patients were effectively controlled before surgery, and being able to recognize their physical illness and accepted the surgical procedure. All operations were carried out under general anesthesia, included 6 laparoscopic cholecystectomies and 29 open cholecystectomies (5 cases from laparoscopic operation conversion to open surgery). The psychiatric symptoms occurred in 17 patients after surgery, but all the 17 patients were well controlled through psychotherapy and antipsychotic medication as well as safety care. All patients were discharged after recovery without postoperative complications. Conclusions:For schizophrenic patient with cholecystolithiasis, special attention should be paid to the particularities in the perioperative management and surgical treatment. Furthermore, cooperation with the psychiatrist is necessary.