Objective: To determine the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases after surgical resection. Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of 54 patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases undergoing surgical treatment were reviewed. The associated factors were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The univariate analysis showed that the degree of differentiation of the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, number and size of the liver metastases, surgical approach and whether the postoperative comprehensive treatment was given were associated with the prognosis of the patients (all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis identified that surgical approach, lymph node metastasis and the degree of differentiation of the primary tumor were the major risk factors (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Early detection and radical resection followed by intensive postoperative treatment are critical to improve long-term outcomes in these patients.