This paper overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) regarding the current status and post-guidelines prospective. The current status of DTC diagnosis and treatment is summarized in respects of preoperative diagnosis, operation method, 131I treatment and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) inhibiting therapy, etc. Post-guidelines prospective analysis involved the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis, surgical indications and scope, basis of adjuvant therapy and postoperative follow-up surveillance.