Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity. Methods: The clinical data of 139 patients with lower limb DVT were retrospectively analyzed. Of the patients, 106 cases had DVT in the left leg, 28 cases in the right leg and 5 cases in both legs, and all of them were diagnosed by lower extremity venous Doppler examination. All patients underwent anticoagulant treatment with subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin calcium (4 100 U/12 h), 57 cases of whom received thrombolytic therapy with urokinase (100 000 U/12 h) based on the length of onset to admission interval and the absence of contraindications to the medication, and all patients had antiaggregant therapy with intravenous infusion of low molecular dextran (250–500 mL/d). Cephalosporin antibiotics were used for patients with evident redness and swelling of the affected leg or an increased white blood cell count. Warfarin anticoagulant therapy was continued for at least 6 months after discharge. Results: Except for one patient with an advanced malignant tumor who was discharged from hospital on request, all the other patients were discharged from the hospital after their swelling and pain in the affected legs were relieved. One patient complicated by pulmonary embolism at admission refused the inferior vena cava filter placement due to economic reasons, and recovered after anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment. No complications such as evident bleeding were noted in any of the patients during therapy. Follow-up for one month to three years (average of 14 months) was obtained in 121 patients, and all of them had recovered and returned to normal life. Conclusion: Anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment with low molecular weight heparin and urokinase is safe and effective for lower limb DVT.