Objective: To study the feasibility, safety and efficacy of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes. Methods: The clinical data of 58 CBD patients with type 2 diabetes (diabetic group), and another 58 non-diabetic CBD patients (non-diabetic group) undergoing LCBDE procedures from December 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The pre-, intra- and postoperative conditions between the two groups were compared. Results: Results of the comparisons showed no signi?cant differences between the two groups in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to liquid intake and length of postoperative stay (t/χ2=3.921, 6.940, 1.332, 1.270 and 0.342. all P>0.05), and also no signi?cant differences between the two groups in the incidences of postoperative electrolyte imbalance, cholangitis, bile leakage, wound infection and pulmonary infection (χ2=0.438, 0.537, 0.342, 1.036 and 0.342. all P>0.05). No residual stones, bile duct stricture or death were noted in either group after operation. Conclusion: LCBDE for CBD stone removal in patients with type 2 diabetes, based on the premise of preoperative glycemic control and meticulous surgical technique, is feasible, safe and effective.