Objective: To investigate the incidence of complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the affecting factors. Methods: The clinical data of 500 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy over the recent two years were analyzed by using self-designed investigation scale to determine the incidence of complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the affecting factors. Results: The overall incidence of complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 2.60%. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy was associated with old age, type of surgery, type of incision, adhesions of agllbladder to adjacent viscera, adhesions in Calot’s triangle, gallbladder wall thickening, concomitant diabetes, regional distribution of the operation room and drainage tube placement (all P<0.05). Mutivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that old age, emergency operation, adhesions of gallbladder to adjacent viscera, adhesions in Calot’s triangle and concomitant diabetes were risk factors for occurrence of complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, while rational arrangement of the operation room and drainage tube placement were important factors for prevention of the occurrence of complications (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of complications in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is relatively high, and is affected by various factors.