Objective: To determine the risk factors for occurrence of gallbladder polyps. Methods: The medical records of 1 1007 cases undergoing health maintenance examination from May 2008 to May 2013 were retrospectively studied. Among these cases, 764 cases were found to have gallbladder polyps (602 cases were male, and 162 cases were female), with an average age of (44.35±10.23) years. The gallbladder polyp patients were taken as study group and the remaining 10 243 cases without gallbladder polyp served as control group, and then, the risk factors for occurrence of gallbladder polyps were determined by univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: Univariate analysis showed that male gender, gallbladder wall thickening (asymptomatic cholecystitis), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were associated with gallbladder polyps (all P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender (OR=2.026), gallbladder wall thickening (asymptomatic cholecystitis) (OR=2.078), HBsAg (+)/anti-HBC (+) (OR=2.894), and HBsAg (–)/anti-HBC (+) (OR=2.446) were all the risk factors for ocurrence of gallbladder polyps (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Male gender, gallbladder wall thickening (asymptomatic cholecystitis), and HBV infection are the risk factors for ocurrence of gallbladder polyps.