Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of primary hyperthyroidism with concomitant thyroid cancer. Methods: The clinical data of patients with primary hyperthyroidism and concomitant thyroid cancer treated in Department of Thyroid Surgery in the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2010 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and were also compared with data in the literature. Results: A total of 85 patients with primary hyperthyroidism underwent surgical treatment, and 31 cases had concomitant thyroid cancer. The preoperative diagnostic rate by clinical findings and neck ultrasound examination was 80.6% (25/31). After control of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and thyroid function recovery was assured by examinations, all the 31 patients underwent surgical treatment by different procedures according to the patient’s specific condition, and all of them were successfully discharged from the hospital after surgery. No iatrogenic permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism occurred. The postoperative pathology showed that one case was medullary carcinoma and all the other 30 cases were papillary thyroid carcinoma; 17 cases (54.8%) had capsular invasion, and 9 cases (29.10%) had lymph node metastasis in central compartment, but there was no statistical difference in any pathological parameter compared with that of thyroid cancer alone, which was reported in the literature. Conclusion: The incidence of primary hyperthyroidism with concomitant thyroid cancer shows an increasing trend, and the importance of neck ultrasound examination should be emphasized in early diagnosis of this condition. Timely surgical treatment with an appropriate procedure after diagnosis may offer favorable outcomes.