Objective: To compare the efficacy of different surgical procedures in treatment of bilateral nodular goiter (NG) with concomitant Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods: The data of patients with bilateral NG and concomitant HT that were treated by surgery and confirmed by pathological examination from January 2006 to July 2013 were collected. According to the resection scope, the patients were divided into subtotal/partial thyroidectomy group, near total thyroidectomy group and total thyroidectomy group, and 30 cases for each group were selected. The pre-, intra- and postoperative clinical parameters among the 3 groups were compared. Results: The preoperative clinical data among the three groups were comparable (all P>0.05). The operative time in subtotal/partial thyroidectomy group was significantly shorter than that in other two groups (both P<0.05), while there were no statistical differences in terms of the intraoperative blood loss, length of total hospital stay, length of postoperative stay, drainage retention time and drainage volume among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). No massive postoperative hemorrhage, permanent hoarseness, or hypocalcemia occurred in any of the groups, and no statistical difference was noted in the incidence of transient hoarseness among the 3 group (P>0.05). The incidence of transient hypocalcemia in total thyroidectomy group was significantly higher than that in other two groups (both P<0.05), while the incidence of recurrence in subtotal/partial thyroidectomy group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (both P<0.05). Conclusion: For NG with concomitant HT, subtotal/partial thyroidectomy has a shorter operative time but a higher recurrence rate, while total bilateral thyroidectomy has a higher incidence of temporary hypocalcemia.