Objective: To assess the value of repeated hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the associated factors affecting the prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 26 patients undergoing repeated hepatectomy for recurrent HCC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between 2006 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The intraoperative blood loss and operative time between the first operation and second operation had no statistical difference (both P>0.05). For the first operation, the postoperative median tumor-free survival time was 21.0 (3-192) months and the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 69.6%, 26.1% and 8.7%, respectively; for the second operation, the postoperative tumor-free survival time was 19.0 (3-35) months, the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year tumor-free survival rate was 68.4%, 0% and 0%, the postoperative median survival time was 40.0 months, and the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year accumulative survival rate was 83.5%, 55.7% and 13.0%, respectively. Of the 26 patients, the overall survival time was (87.8±19.3) months, overall median survival tine was 57.0 months, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year accumulative survival rate was 100%, 60.8% and 30.4%, respectively. The survival rate in patients undergoing second liver resection for early recurrence after first operation (within 2 years) was significantly lower than those undergoing second liver resection for late recurrence after first operation (more than 2 year later) (P=0.001). Univariate analysis showed that recurrence interval, surgical type, and pathological stage were associated with the postoperative survival of repeated hepatectomy, and the P value for the three factors in multivariate analysis was 0.089, 0.006 and 0.054, respectively. Conclusion: Repeated hepatectomy can improve the overall survival rate of recurrent HCC patients, but the indications and rational surgical type should be strictly chosen. Those with short recurrence interval and advanced pathological stage may have a poor outcome after repeated hepatectomy.