Liver cancer is a common malignancy, and its treatment strategy is mainly surgery-based comprehensive therapy, but the prognosis is still poor because of high frequency of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. According to the cancer stem cell theory, liver cancer can be radically cured only by eradication of the liver cancer stem cells, which leads to the isolation and identification of the liver cancer stem cells to become a hot area of research. This article overviews the research progress in surface markers of liver stem cells.