Objective: To investigate the changes of serum leptin (Lep) and soluble leptin receptor (sLR) levels as well as blood lipid profile and their reciprocal relationship in patients with chronic cholecystitis. Methods: One hundred and three patients with chronic cholecystitis were enrolled, and 91 individuals undergoing health maintenance examinations served as control. In all subjects, the fasting serum levels of Lep and sLR and blood lipid indicators that included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured, and the relations of serum Lep and sLR levels with blood lipid parameters in chronic cholecystitis patients were also analyzed. Results: Compared with control group, the levels of Lep, TC and LDL in chronic cholecystitis patients were increased, while the sLR level was decreased significantly (all P<0.05). In chronic cholecystitis patients, univariate analysis showed significantly positive correlation of Lep level with either TC, TG or HDL level (all P<0.05), while sLR level had no significant correlation with any of the blood lipid indicators (all P>0.05); multivariate regression analysis revealed that there was a significantly positive correlation between Lep level and TC level (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are increased Lep level and decreased sLR level as were as lipid metabolism disorders in patients with chronic cholecystitis, in which the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by increased Lep level may play a causal role.