Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of complete mesocolic excision (CME) in treatment of colon cancer. Methods: Sixty-two patients with colon cancer were equally designated to two groups, and underwent CME radical resection (CME group) and traditional radical resection (traditional group), respectively. The relevant clinical variable between the two groups were compared. Results: In CME group compared with traditional group, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the differences in operative time, and time to flatus and defecation had no statistical significance (all P>0.05). The distance of either the proximal or distal surgical margin from the tumor showed no statistical difference between the two groups (both P>0.05). The number of resected lymph nodes in stage-III patients in CME group was significantly greater than that in traditional group (P<0.05), but number of positive lymph nodes in stage-III patients did not reach a statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). No statistical difference was noted in incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05), but the recurrence rate in CME group was significantly lower than that in traditional group (6.45 vs. 22.58, P<0.05). Conclusion: CME radical resection can increase the number of lymph nodes resected without risk of increased complications, and thereby may help improve the prognosis of colon cancer patients.