Objective: To investigate the pathogenic factors, and diagnostic and treatment features of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Methods: The general data, clinical manifestations, therapeutic protocols, and relationship between major risk factors and clinical features in 138 CP patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical typing and staging of the patients were performed according to CP Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline of the Chinese Medical Association (2012), and changes of the disease state of the patients between pre- and post-treatment were analyzed based on M-ANNHEIM classification system. Results: Of the 138 patients, abdominal pain was the main symptom in 116 cases (84.1%); cases with regular alcohol consumption accounted for 44.2%, with smoking habit accounted for 42.8%, with hyperlipidemia accounted for 39.9%, and with biliary tract disease accounted for 20.2%, respectively; 11 cases were classified as clinical type I, 58 cases were type II, 47 cases were type III and 22 cases were type IV; 69 cases were at clinical stage I, 47 cases at stage II, and 22 cases at stage III. The proportion of cases with pancreatic calcification in patients with regular alcohol consumption was higher than that in non-alcohol consumers, while either the proportion of cases with pancreatic calcification or diabetes in patients with smoking habit were higher than those in patients who did not smoke (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in therapeutic results between stage I patients undergoing conservative treatment and surgical treatment (P=0.744), while the therapeutic result of surgical treatment was better than that of conservative treatment in stage II patients, and conservative treatment was better than surgical treatment in stage III patients (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Alcohol consumption, smoking, hyperlipidemia and biliary tract disease are still the main risk factors for occurrence of CP, the features are somewhat different in CP caused by different factors, and choice of plan of treatment should be made on the basis of the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline and the specific conditions of patients.