Objective: To investigate the interventional surgery for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction and evaluate its therapeutic effect and application value. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients with autogenous AVF dysfunction undergoing interventional treatment from April 2006 to January 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Among the 20 patients, 16 cases underwent angiography through venous approach, and 4 cases had angiography through femoral/aortic/axillary artery approach; 4 cases had simple anastomotic stenosis that was significantly improved by balloon dilatation, 5 cases had anastomotic stenosis with thrombosis, which was treated by balloon expansion after venous embolectomy; 3 cases had thrombosis at the venous anastomotic site, and good backflow was obtained after embolectomy; 7 cases with venous anastomotic stenosis and thrombosis underwent balloon angioplasty after venous embolectomy, and one case with long segment stenosis of the cephalic vein was treated by inserting a prosthetic arteriovenous graft. All patients restarted dialysis treatment using the original vascular access, with dialysis flow greater than 200 mL/min. Follow-up was obtained in 17 patients, with an average follow-up period of 13.2 months, and the 12-month patency rate was 47.1%. Conclusion: Interventional catheterization procedure is safe and effective in treatment of AVF dysfunction.