Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the combined use of duodenoscopy and laparoscopy in treatment of gallbladder stones with concomitant extrahepatic bile duct stones in elderly patients. Methods: One-hundred and twenty elderly patients with gallbladder stones and concomitant extrahepatic bile duct stones admitted from January 2011 to June 2015 were selected. According to surgical approaches, the patients were divided into control group and observational group, with 60 cases in each group. Patients in control group underwent traditional open cholecystectomy, common bile duct exploration, and T tube drainage, and those in observational group underwent minimally invasive operation of duodenoscopic sphincterotomy combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The relevant clinical variables and therapeutic results of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: In observational group compared with control group, the intraoperative blood loss (60.74mL vs. 98.42 mL) and length of hospital stay (10.8 d vs. 12.3 d) were significantly decreased, the operative time (3.12 h vs. 2.06 h) and hospitalization costs (18 047.53 yuan vs. 12 054.88 yuan) were significantly increased (all P<0.05), the pain score (3.8 vs. 4.9) was significantly decreased, time to intestinal function recovery (1.8 d vs. 3.5 d) and peritoneal drainage time (1.7 d vs. 3.3 d) were significantly shortened, and incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions (10.0% vs. 25.0%) were significantly reduced (all P<0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications (20.0% vs. 41.7%) was significantly decreased, but incidence of acute pancreatitis (16.7% vs. 3.3%) was increased (all P<0.05). During follow-up, in observational group, the incidence of reflux cholangitis was significantly higher than that in control group (13.3% vs.1.7%), but postoperative satisfaction rate (93.5% vs. 78.2%) and time to restore normal activities (25.8 d vs. 48.7 d) were all better than those in control group (all P<0.05), while the stone recurrence rate of observational group and control group (3.3% vs. 6.7%) had no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Therapeutic combined use of duodenoscopy and laparoscopy for elderly patients with gallbladder stones and concomitant extrahepatic bile duct stones has the advantages of quick recovery, reduced complications, short length of hospital stay and favorable long-term efficacy, and fully reflects the superiorities of minimally invasive surgery.