The use of intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery has been available for more than 40 years and widely applied in Europe and America. In China, this technique is still at an early stage since it was introduced in 2008, but it has gradually been accepted by surgeons, and become an important assistant method for protecting recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery. It is expected in China that the intraoperative neuromonitoring technique will further reduce the complications associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and bring thyroid surgery into the precision era, under the standardized training and application and scientific development.