Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a length more than 200 nucleotides. They regulate gene expressions at epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels, and coordinate and integrate multiple signaling pathways involving cellular differentiation, proliferation, homeostasis and organ development. Researches showed that LncRNAs may play a role in preventing and reducing the occurrence of vascular diseases by regulating the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Here, the authors address the research progress in relationship between lncRNAs and vascular diseases as well as the mechanisms.