With the vigorous development of 3D printing technology in medical field, the traditional medicine is now under transition towards digital precision medicine. Precision liver surgery is characterized by offering the utmost recovery for the patients through accurate preoperative assessments and surgical planning as well as meticulous intraoperative dissection and hemostasis. The 3D technology can construct a simulation model of liver through imaging data which allows surgeons to have a full knowledge of the liver from a three-dimensional perspective, and thereby to make a perfect preoperative evaluation and planning. As an emerging discipline in recent years, 3D bioprinting is expected to resolve the problems such as shortage of liver transplant donor and deficiency of residual liver volume after liver resection in the future.