Objective: To investigate the related factors for stone recurrence in patients with gallbladder stones after gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy. Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of 400 patients with gallbladder stones undergoing gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy from May 2010 to May 2014 were collected. The factors for postoperative stone recurrence of the patients were analyzed. Results: In the 400 patients, the average follow-up time was (34.2±3.6) months, and gallbladder stone recurrence occurred in 42 cases (10.5%). The results of univariate analysis showed that having a family history of gallstones, degree of gallbladder wall thickness, number of stones and triacylglycerol level were significantly associated with postoperative stone recurrence (all P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that having a family history of gallstones (OR=10.231, 95% CI= 6.344–48.343, P=0.008), gallbladder wall thickness ≥4 mm (OR=2.312, 95% CI=1.223–12.156, P=0.023), multiple gallstones (OR=4.568, 95% CI=3.213–15.328, P=0.015) and triacylglycerol level ≥1.71 mmol/L (OR=2.556, 95% CI=1.643–15.312, P=0.041) were independent risk factors for postoperative stone recurrence. Conclusion: Having a family history of gallstones, gallbladder wall thickness ≥4 mm, multiple gallstones and triglyceride level ≥1.71 mmol/L are risk factors for postoperative stone recurrence in gallstone patients after gallbladder-preserving stone extraction. For patients with these factors, the appropriate preventive measures should be considered or gallbladder-preserving procedure should not be performed.