Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor with a low resection rate and dismal prognosis. At present, the effective markers or targets for early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma remain absent. Recent investigations have found that there are certain links between the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma and the abnormal expressions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer cells. ncRNAs are a family of RNAs that do not encode proteins, and they can not only affect multiple biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis of the tumor cells, but also play important roles in the occurrence and development of tumors as well as in the invasion and metastasis processes of tumor cells, through participating in the regulation of gene expressions. Studies of the abnormal expressions of ncRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma cells may promote the development of molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Here, the authors review and briefly analyze the research progress on the relationship between ncRNAs and cholangiocarcinoma and the related mechanisms, so as to provide clues for further investigation and new ideas for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.