Tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major cause affecting the prognosis of the recipients. Investigating the factors for post-transplant HCC recurrence and reducing the recurrence rate are crucial for improving survival of the recipients. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted from the aspects of pre-, intra- and post-transplantation by scholars at home and abroad. They found that recipient selection criteria, down-staging treatment, biomarkers, intra-operative blood loss, allograft ischemic time, immunosuppressive agents and systemic adjuvant therapy are factors for the post-transplant HCC recurrence. These achievements have great importance in prevention and treatment of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.