Choledocholithiasis is a common disease of the digestive system. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important method for the treatment of common bile duct stones, but postoperative stone recurrence is still a major problem. Many complex factors are involved in the process of the recurrence of the common bile duct stones after removal, which mainly include the history of biliary tract surgery, bile duct dilatation, periampullary diverticulum, biliary infection, etc. Here, the authors address the relevant factors for recurrence of common bile duct stones after ERCP, so as to provide help for its prevention and treatment in clinical practice.