Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in treatment of stenosis and occlusion of the arteriovenous graft (AVG).
Methods: The clinical data of 66 patients undergoing PTA for AVG stenosis or occlusion from January 2016 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: A total of 105 times of PTA were performed in the 66 patients, with a technical success rate of 96.2%. The primary patency time of AVG after PTA was (12.1±1.20) months in the whole group of patients, which in patients with stenotic lesion was (16.3±1.95) months and in patients with occlusive lesion was (10.3±1.36) months, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2=4.335, P=0.037). The cumulative patency time of AVG in whole group of patients after PTA was (19.7±1.46) months, which in patients with stenotic lesion was (21.0±2.45) months and in patients with occlusive lesion was (19.0±1.80) months, and the difference had no statistical significance (χ2=0.392, P=0.531). The 6-month and 1-year primary patency rate of AVG in whole group of patients was 62.7% and 38.8%, which in patients with stenotic lesion was 78.1% and 48.9%, and in patients with occlusive lesion was 53.5% and 33.1%, respectively. The 6-month and 1-year cumulative patency rate of AVG in whole group of patients was 80.9% and 74.1%, which in patients with stenotic lesion was 86.9% and 79.6%, and in patients with occlusive lesion was 77.8% and 71.4%, respectively. 
Conclusion: For AVG stenosis or occlusion, PTA treatment has the advantages of lesser trauma, being safe and effective, and good patients’ experience and high post-intervention patency rate. Stenotic lesions have a higher incidence of restenosis after PTA, so regular follow-up examinations are needed. If the stenotic lesion meets the indication for re-intervention, treatment should be taken in time to avoid fistula occlusion. In cases with significant elastic retraction or rupture of the vessels which cannot be stopped by balloon compression during PTA surgery, the covered stent implantation can be used as a treatment.