The formation of portal vein system thrombosis (PVST) after laparoscopic splenectomy has a high incidence, concealment and harmfulness. However, the optimal diagnosis, treatment plan and predictive factors for PVST formation after laparoscopic splenectomy have not yet reached an agreement either at home or abroad. At present, the mechanism for PVST after splenectomy may be related to blood hypercoagulability and hemodynamic changes, and the major causes for its formation are the systemic system diseases and the factors contributing to the hemodynamic changes. Systemic diseases include malignant tumors, hematological diseases, autoimmune diseases, etc. The factors causing hemodynamic changes include surgical methods and operation duration, plasma D-dimer, platelet count, spleen volume and its maximum diameter, preoperative splenic vein diameter and portal vein diameter. Here, the authors summarize the research results related to the predictors for PVST formation after laparoscopic splenectomy for portal hypertension, so as to provide convenience for clinicians to predict the formation of PVST after laparoscopic splenectomy, thereby to more accurately capture the timing of anticoagulation and reduce severe consequences of this condition, and meanwhile accelerate the postoperative recovery of the patients.