Background and Aims: The underlying mechanism for the occurrence of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is still unclear at present. The available data at the genomic and transcriptomic levels provide the basic data source for investigation of the molecular biological mechanisms of GBC. Therefore, this study was conducted to to analyze the differentially expressed genes in and normal gallbladder tissues and key protein regulatory molecules in GBC by bioinformatics approaches, so as to explore the potential molecular biological mechanism of GBC. 
Methods: The differentially expressed genes were screened based on two GBC transcriptional datasets from GEO database, and the three GO functional annotations were performed on these genes. The STRING database was applied to construct a protein interaction network, and perform module mining in the investigation of key protein regulatory genes. Finally, the expression and predictive efficacy of the identified key protein regulatory genes were comprehensively evaluated.
Results: A total of 140 repeatable differentially expressed genes (20 up-regulated genes and 120 down-regulated genes) in GBC were screened, which are mainly related to the forebrain development and positive regulation of neurogenesis, and participate in the composition of the postsynaptic membrane and transverse tubules. Meanwhile, the SFRP1, a key protein regulatory molecule, had a certain ability in predicting the occurrence of GBC.
Conclusion: The information expressed by transcription spectrum of GBC obtained in this study can provide framework and thinking structure for studying the molecular mechanism of GBC. The key protein regulatory molecule SFRP1 probably plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of GBC.