Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer with highly aggressive and heterogenous nature and a tendency towards early recurrence and metastasis. At present, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment of TNBC. However, with the rapid development of omics technologies and the increasing deepening of understanding towards the molecular biologic features of TNBC, researchers found that it is possible to classify TNBC into several subtypes, and to perform tailored treatment strategies based on the specific characteristics of its subtypes, and meanwhile to develop target drugs through discovering the novel therapeutic targets based on both intrinsic signals and extrinsic microenvironment of the cancer cells, and finally to add them into standard regimen after translational clinical trials. Targeted therapies based on molecular subtypes may become the future direction of precision treatment for TNBC.