Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Chinese women with a continuously increasing incidence. For improving the quality of life of patients undergoing mastectomy, breast reconstruction has become an essential component of breast cancer surgery. The prevention and control of breast reconstruction complications is crucial to ensure a smooth subsequent treatment and the success of reconstruction. A complication risk prediction model can quantify the risk of complications in individual patients undergoing different breast reconstruction procedures, and assist surgeons optimizing surgical plan selection and perioperative intervention strategies, thereby improving patients' outcomes. Here, the authors review different models for predicting the risk of breast reconstruction complications after mastectomy in terms such as model development, predictive performance and model validation, so as to provide a reference for the assessment and management of the risk of breast reconstruction complications post mastectomy in breast cancer patients.