Abstract:Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of liver resection for spontaneous rupture of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC). Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with ruptured SRHCC treated by liver resection were retrospectively analysed. Results:In this group there were 12 males and 3 females. Eight underwent emergent hepatectomy, 2 cases had second stage surgery at 40 days after initial operation to control bleeding and 5 cases had operation after 40 days of conservative treatment.Operation included partial right hepatectomy in 8 patients, median lobectomy in one patient, left lateral lobectomy in 2 patients, left median lobectomy in 2 patients, left hemihepatectomy in 1 patient, right tumor resection in 1, and left tumor resection in one patient. One of 5 patients with Child grade B liver function died of liver failure at 5 days after operation. The operative mortality was 6.7%. Twelve of the 14 patients who surrived were followed up. The median postoperative survival time was 18 months. The 1-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 58.3%, 25%, 16.7%, respectively.One patient has been alive and free of tumor for 6 years and 2 months. Conclusions:Liver resection is the best treatment for ruptured SRHCC and should be performed when possible. Hepatic resection for SRHCC can result in a long survival time.