Abstract：Objective:To evaluate the effect of local co-application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and mobilized bone marrow stem cells on angiogenesis in ischemic limbs of rabbits. Method:After ischemia models were induced by surgical section and ligation of left femoral artery and its branches in 40 rabbits, they were randomized to receive intramuscular injection of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) (n=10) in ischemic zone, hypodermic injection of recombinant human G-CSF (n=10) , co-application of bFGF and G-CSF (n=10), or normal saline (n=10). Four weeks later, angiogenesis of ischemia models was observed and evaluated by abdominal aortography, histopathologic analysis and immunohistochemical studies with the antibodies of VEGF. Results:The member of capillaries, the compensatory circulation blood vessel and the vascular endothelial cells that expressed VEGF protein in bFGF+G-CSF group was the most(P<0.05), that of bFGF group was more than that of G-CSF group(P<0.05), and that of saline group was the least (P<0.05). Conclusion:Both intramuscular injection of recombinant human bFGF and hypodermic injection of recombinant human G-CSF (mobilization of bone marrow stem cells) can stimulate angiogenesis of the ischemic limbs. But the effect will be better if co-application of them is used.