The fair allocation of liver transplants to alcoholics has been a subject of great controversy in the field of bioethics. These heated debates cluster around the themes that mainly include considering alcoholism to be a disease or a moral vice, the responsibility of liver transplant allocation on alcoholics (medical responsibility, moral responsibility, and whether responsibility can be used as a criterion for the allocation of scarce medical resources), and the role of public opinion in liver transplant allocation for alcoholics. The investigations found that the consideration of absolutely excluding alcoholics from eligibility for liver transplantation is not supported in the current debate, and ethical arguments are more inclined to support the decision to give a lower priority to liver transplantation for alcoholics. To further achieve the equity in liver allocation in China, it is imperative to strengthen case assessment of liver transplantation in alcoholics, strictly control alcohol intake after liver transplantation, and put more emphasis on the role of public opinion in the establishment of national guidelines for organ allocation. Here, the authors summarize the current controversial status of fair and equitable allocation of liver transplantation in alcoholics, so as to provide some reference for clinical organ allocation and national guidelines for liver allocation.