Background and Aims In the past decade, the concept of complete mesocolic excision (CME) has been further developed in attempt to minimize the recurrence of right-sided colon cancer. Robotic technology can overcome the limitations of laparoscopic surgery, but its clear advantages are still controversial. Therefore, this study further compares the efficacy of robotic and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with CME for the treatment of right-sided colon cancer.Methods Clinical data of 169 patients with right-sided colon cancer who underwent right hemicolectomy with CME at the Army Medical Center of PLA from July 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All operations were performed by one surgeon. Among them, 61 cases underwent Da Vinci robotic-assisted right hemicolectomy with CME (robotic group), and 108 cases underwent laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy with CME (laparoscopic group). The main clinical variables of the two groups of patients were compared.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the general preoperative data between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were no cases of perioperative death in either group. The conversion rate during surgery in the robotic group was significantly lower than that in the laparoscopic group (0 vs. 6.5%, P=0.042). The main reasons for conversion in the laparoscopic group were severe abdominal adhesions (4 cases) and large tumors that affected surgical visibility and operation (3 cases). The total operative time in the robotic group was significantly longer than that in the laparoscopic group (221.1 min vs. 186.0 min, P<0.001), and the total treatment cost was significantly higher in the robotic group than in the laparoscopic group (90 371.5 yuan vs. 65 136.3 yuan, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, time to oral intake, time to anal gas passage, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of perioperative complications, and postoperative pathological results (all P>0.05). The median follow-up time for the whole group of patients was 31 (1-65) months. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival rate (82.6% vs. 82.8%, P=0.722) or overall survival rate (87.9% vs. 84.3%, P=0.870) between the robotic and laparoscopic groups.Conclusion Robotic-assisted right hemicolectomy with CME is a safe and feasible surgical approach. Compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery, although it may take longer and be more expensive, it may have some advantages in managing severe abdominal adhesions and large tumors.