The liver is the site where thyroxine is converted into triiodothyronine. Liver transplantation (LT) is inevitably associated with changes in thyroid hormones (TH) during the perioperative period, and TH plays a crucial role in regulating the normal metabolic rate of all cells, including liver cells. Therefore, alterations in thyroid function are closely related to the prognosis of LT patients. In this regard, the authors provide a review of research related to thyroid function during the perioperative period of LT, with the aim of providing references for both clinical and research purposes.