With the development of endoscopic technology, the emergence of staplers, and the improvement of surgical concepts, the surgical operation for rectal cancer has become increasingly sophisticated. The anal preservation rate has increased year by year, and the anastomotic position of rectal cancer has also become lower and lower. However, the incidence of anastomosis-related complications has not decreased significantly. As one of the most severe and common complications following rectal cancer surgery, anastomotic leakage, and anastomotic stenosis not only prolong the patients' hospital stay, increase their economic burden, and affect their quality of life, but may even reduce their survival rates. Numerous scholars have conducted extensive and in-depth research on anastomosis-related complications in recent years. However, there is no unified standard for treating anastomosis-related complications in China. Based on relevant literature, this article elaborates on the issues related to anastomotic leakage and stenosis, including definitions, influencing factors, and treatment. At the same time, it introduces the key points and challenges in adopting the modified Bacon procedure for redo sphincter-preserving surgery in patients with anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis, so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment.