In April 2024, the "Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2024 edition)" were officially released. The guidelines were developed by experts and scholars from various disciplines in the field of liver cancer across the country under the leadership of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and with guidance from the Expert Committee on the Compilation of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer, the National Cancer Center, and the Liver Cancer Quality Control Expert Committee of the National Cancer Quality Control Center. The main updates in the "Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2024 edition)" include: updates to surgical treatment methods and concepts; objective evaluation of the value of local ablation; revitalization of vascular intervention therapy; further exploration and optimization of radiotherapy; and significant breakthroughs in systemic treatment. As a normative guidance document for primary liver cancer, the guidelines keep pace with the times, timely reflecting new developments and concepts in the field of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment, which will effectively drive the elevation of standardized diagnosis and treatment levels for liver cancer in China, enhanced the influence of our country in this field within the academic community, and hold high guiding significance for the future global standardization of liver cancer diagnosis and treatment.