Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening large-vessel disease closely associated with immune and inflammation-related mechanisms. During the development of AAA, innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the immune-mediated inflammatory infiltration and destruction of the aortic wall. These cells include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and invariant natural killer T cells. Although various immune cells have been progressively identified in the study of AAA, their activation mechanisms and functions remain to be further elucidated. This article summarizes the roles of innate immune cells in the progression of AAA and discusses the regulatory mechanisms of their activation in this disease, providing a theoretical basis for research on AAA progression.