Translational therapy for liver cancer, as an emerging treatment strategy, is driving advancements in the management of intermediate and advanced liver cancer. Through continuous exploration by experts nationwide, translational therapy for liver cancer has reached a consensus, providing valuable scientific guidance for clinical practice. However, as treatment methods continue to evolve, translational therapy still faces numerous urgent challenges, particularly in areas such as personalized treatment, efficacy evaluation, and combined therapeutic strategies. These issues have become contentious and hotly debated topics, creating a situation where "consensus and controversy coexist, and opportunities and challenges intersect." To address these challenges, experts in the field of liver cancer must strengthen collaboration and communication, promote high-quality basic and clinical research, and continuously refine treatment protocols in practice, ultimately offering patients more scientific and precise therapeutic options.