摘要
肝切除术后肝功能失代偿是导致术后患者病死率升高的主要因素,因此术前有效的评估肝功能显得尤为重要。吲哚菁绿15 min滞留率(ICGR15)是临床常用的肝功能评估手段,可快速、准确的评估肝脏储备功能,术前ICGR15与肝脏切除术后肝功能失代偿密切相关,ICGR15<20%被认为是可耐受大块肝脏切除(≥3个肝段)的必要条件之一,临床上常见部分患者ICGR15介于20%~30%之间,在给予护肝等对症治疗后ICGR15可有改善。对于此类患者能否安全实施大块肝切除术后仍存争议,本研究旨在探讨术前改善ICGR15对肝癌患者术后并发症及术后近期肝功能的影响。
选取2015年5月—2017年10月收治的入院时ICGR15为20%~30%,术前对症治疗后ICGR15均<20%肝癌患者32例(观察组),及45例入院时ICGR15<20%的肝癌患者(对照组),两组均行开放肝癌切除术(≥3个肝段)。比较两组患者术中与术后指标、出院时以及术后1、3、6个月总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)活动状态评分等指标。
两组入院时ICGR15差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余术前一般资料与生化指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组患者的切肝范围与其他术中指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组均无围手术期死亡病例,观察组与对照组术后并发症发生率分别为37.5%(12/32)与31.1%(14/45),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者住院时间、引流管拔出时间较对照组延长(均P<0.05)。观察组出院时及术后1、3、6个月的TBIL均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组ALB水平与ECOG评分在出院至术后1个月均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),两者在随后时间与对照组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);两组其余生化指标在出院至术后6个月各时间点差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
原发性肝癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率在世界范围内占恶性肿瘤的第6位,病死率居第2位,我国每年新发病例占全球的一半以
选取2015年5月—2017年10月我院行肝癌切除患者32例作为观察组,男26例,女6例;年龄36~71岁,平均(57.2±10.7)岁;HBV阳性者28例,HCV阳性者2例,合并Budd-Chiari综合征患者1例,无肝炎相关疾病背景者1例;术前AFP>400 ng/mL者21例,AFP≤400 ng/mL者11例。选取同期45例术前ICGR15<20%的患者作为对照组。所有患者术后均有病理证实,术前无影像学胆道癌栓或门静脉癌栓证据,且未行TACE等其他治疗措施。
主要采用ICGR15、Child-Pugh评分结合生化检查进行肝功能评估。两组组患者术前Child-Pugh评分均为A级,结合影像学检查计算残肝体积不低于标准肝体积的45%;观察组术前ICGR15介于20%~30%,平均(26.6±3.2)%;给予护肝治疗后复查ICGR15,<20%后实施手术。术前HBV DNA>300 IU者均口服抗病毒药物治疗。
使用日本光电工业株式会社生产的DDG-3300K分析仪及其配套分析软件检测ICGR15,按0.5 mg/kg剂量,将ICG(辽宁省丹东医创药业有限责任公司)用灭菌用水配成50 mg/L溶液,从右侧肘正中静脉内均匀快速注入,测定ICGR15。
观察两组患者术后相关并发症的发生率;同时统计患者住院时间、引流管拔出时间、出院时肝功能相关生化指标总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT);术后第1、3、6个月入院复查,并对肝功能相关生化指标(TBIL、AST、ALB、PT)、美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)活动状态评分等相关数据进行统计。
两组患者入院时ICGR15差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余资料及肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组患者中行左半肝(肝II/III/IV段)切除19例,右半肝(肝V/VI/VII/VIII段)切除术6例,肝中叶(肝IV/V/VIII段)切除4例,不规则切除3例;对照组患者中行左半肝(肝II/III/IV段)切除22例,右半肝(肝V/VI/VII/VIII段)切除术10例,肝中叶(肝IV/V/VIII段)切除9例,不规则切除4例。两组各项术中指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)(
两组患者均无围手术期死亡病例;观察组与对照组术后并发症发生率分别为37.5%(12/32)与31.1%(14/45),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者平均住院时间、拔管时间及出院时ECOG评分等情况均较对照组差(均P<0.05);出院时肝功能相关指标显示研究组TBIL及ALB较对照组差(均P<0.05),两组AST及PT差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)(
两组第1、3、6个月复查情况显示,术后1个月观察组患者TBIL较对照组高,ALB水平研究组较对照组低(均P<0.05),AST、PT两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后3、6个月观察组TBIL水平均较对照组高(均P<0.05),余肝功能指标两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。术后1个月ECOG评分结果显示观察组较对照组低(P<0.05),术后3、6个月ECOG评分两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)(
近年来,随着肝癌手术方法和治疗理念的更新,肝癌切除术后的病死率已大幅降低,手术的适应证也有一定程度的扩
但ICGR15的结果受影响因素较多,与胆汁排泌功能、肝脏血流灌注状况、有效肝细胞数量等因素关系密切,本研究也发现,经术前护肝等对症治疗后,ICGR15可有明显好转,可能跟肝细胞血流灌注改善和胆汁排泌通常有
对两组患者进行短期随访结果发现,观察组患者术后TBIL较对照组高,其余相关指标均无明显差异,结果提示胆汁排泌能力与ICGR15关系密切。既往有学
综上所述,对于术前ICGR15评分>20%,<30%的患者,经对症治疗后好转,并未明显增加术后并发症发生率。但术后肝功能恢复较慢,短期内患者一般状况也较差,但并未对患者长期生存质量造成不良影响。因此,对于该类患者,经充分围手术期准备后,仍可安全耐受手术。但本研究纳入病例较少,且随访时间较短,因此尚须扩大样本量并增加随访时间,了解此类患者长期预后情况。
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