摘要
回顾性分析2011年6月—2016年12月期间施行开腹根治性胃切除手术的543例胃癌患者的临床病理资料。根据癌组织PNI结果,胃癌患者分为PNI阳性组和PNI阴性组,比较两组在临床病理指标上的差异。应用倾向评分匹配法均衡两组与预后相关的基本资料变量,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox风险回归模型分析与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后生存相关的危险因素。
全组胃癌患者中PNI阳性率21.18%(115/543)。匹配前两组的肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、细胞分化程度、肿瘤TNM分期、脉管侵犯、手术切除范围及术后辅助化疗等方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);匹配后,PNI阳性组56例,PNI阴性组98例,两组患者基线资料均衡(均P>0.05)。PNI阳性组的总生存时间(OS)明显短于PNI阴性组(中位OS:19个月vs. 49个月,P=0.002);亚组分析显示,TNM I~II患者中,PNI阳性对OS无明显影响(P=0.432),但明显缩短III期患者的OS(中位OS:18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001)。在PNI阳性患者中,术后辅助化疗对I~II期患者的OS无明显影响(P=0.975),但能明显延长III患者的OS(中位OS:18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001)。单因素分析结果提示年龄(P=0.008)、TNM分期(P=0.034)和术后辅助化疗(P=0.006)与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后预后紧密相关;多因素分析发现TNM分期处于III期(HR=2.591,95% CI=1.291~5.198,P=0.007)、未进行术后辅助化疗(HR=0.345,95% CI=0.184~0.649,P=0.001)是影响PNI阳性胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。
Chinese Journal of General Surgery, 2021, 30(10):1133-1141.
根据2020年全球癌症负担数据,胃癌是世界范围内发病率排名第五、病死率排名第四的恶性肿
收集我院2011年6月—2016年12月期间胃腺癌患者的临床病理资料和手术切除石蜡标本543例。纳入标准:⑴ 经病理确诊为胃腺癌的患者;⑵ 术前增强CT排除远处转移;⑶ 实施标准的胃周淋巴结清扫术,且术后病理学诊断为切缘阴性。病例剔除标准:⑴ 术前及术中发现存在远处转移;⑵ 术后病理学诊断为切缘阳性;⑶ 术前接受过新辅助放化疗;⑷ 缺乏完整的临床资料。术后定期随访,随访截止日期为2018年12月31日。
手术方法:采用气管插管全身麻醉,手术方式均为开腹手术,手术者为同一人,根据肿瘤的部位实施根治性全胃切除术、根治性远端胃大部切除术或近端胃大部切除术。
术后辅助化疗:根据术后病理分期及随访复发情况实施以氟尿嘧啶(fluorouracil,5-FU)为基础的静脉化疗或口服化疗。
胃癌组织标本经10%福尔马林固定12~24 h,常规石蜡包埋、切片,厚4 μm。切片进行HE常规染色和S-100的免疫组织化学染色(ABC法)。
PNI结果判断:癌细胞沿神经纤维生长并包绕≥33%神经周径,或癌细胞侵犯3层神经鞘的任何一层(包括神经外膜、神经束膜、神经内膜),即可确认为PNI(

图 1 PNI阴性和阳性HE染色(×200) A:PNI阴性(胃壁平滑肌内的神经纤维无胃癌细胞浸润包绕);B:PNI阳性[神经纤维内有胃癌细胞浸润(星号标记处)]
Figure 1 PNI negative and positive HE staining (×200) A: PNI negative (no gastric cancer cells infiltration around nerve fibers in the smooth muscle of gastric wall); B: Positive PNI [gastric cancer cells (asterisk labeled) infiltration around nerve fibers]
临床指标包括年龄、性别、血型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤方位、细胞分化程度、TNM分期、是否存在脉管侵犯、手术切除范围、是否术后辅助化疗和Ki-67阳性指数。
肿瘤大小取均值5 cm为截点。肿瘤部位包括贲门胃底部、胃体部、胃角部、胃窦部及弥散型。肿瘤方位包括胃小弯侧、大弯侧、前壁、后壁及弥散型(≥2个方位)。手术切除范围包括根治性全胃切除术、远端胃大部切除术和近端胃大部切除术。脉管侵犯指淋巴管或血管有癌细胞浸润或癌栓。Ki-67阳性指数取均值60%为截点。
总生存时间(OS):自手术时间至末次随访时间或死亡时间,或随访数据库截至的时间(如失访、死于其他疾病等)。
所有数据采用SPSS 22.0软件包进行处理和分析。除观察因素外,对生存分析有影响,且基本资料不平衡的可观察因素作为协变量,纳入二分类的Logistic回归模型中,产生0~1间的匹配评分,匹配精度设置为0.1,以最小毗邻法进行匹配后,对胃癌患者进行亚组分析。可能与预后相关的基本资料变量是年龄、性别、血型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、肿瘤方位、细胞分化程度、TNM分期、脉管侵犯、手术切除范围、Ki-67阳性指数和是否术后辅助化疗。采用
全组543例胃癌患者中,PNI阳性者115例(21.18%)。与PNI阴性组相比,PNI阳性组的肿瘤直径大于5 cm的比例高,肿瘤主要位于贲门、胃底部,细胞分化程度集中在低分化、未分化或印戒细胞,大部分病例的TNM分期处于III期,合并脉管侵犯病例较多,全胃切除比例偏多,术后辅助化疗的病例较多,两组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但两组患者在年龄、性别、血型、肿瘤方位和Ki-67阳性指数等方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。以上13个因素经倾向评分匹配后,PNI阳性组胃癌患者65例、PNI阴性组98例;两组间临床基本资料比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),两组基本资料均衡,具有可比性(
倾向评分匹配后163例胃癌患者中位OS为34个月,PNI阳性组胃癌患者的OS明显低于PNI阴性组(中位OS:19个月vs. 49个月,P=0.002)(

图2 倾向评分匹配后PNI阳性组与阴性组胃癌患者的OS曲线比较 A:全组病例;B:I、II期病例;C:III期病例
Figure 2 Comparison of OS curves of gastric cancer patients between PNI-positive group and negative group after propensity score matching A: Whole group of cases; B: Stage I and II cases; C: Stage III cases

图3 倾向评分匹配后化疗与未化疗PNI阳性胃癌患者OS曲线的比较 A:I、II期病例; B:III期病例
Figure 3 Comparison of OS curves of PNI-positive gastric cancer patients with and without chemotherapy after propensity score matching A: Stage I and II cases; B: Stage III cases
Cox单因素分析提示年龄、TNM分期和术后辅助化疗与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后预后紧密相关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析发现TNM分期处于III期(HR=2.591,95% CI=1.291~5.198,P=0.007)、未进行术后辅助化疗(HR=0.345,95% CI=0.184~0.649,P=0.001)是影响PNI阳性胃癌预后的独立危险因素(
1985年前神经旁浸润(PNI)尚没有明确、统一的定义,Batsakis
近几年PNI在胃癌中的临床研究逐渐受到重视,但缺乏大样本研究,观察因素也参差不齐,使得PNI在胃癌中的预后价值一直存在争议。一项最新Meta分析研究报道胃癌的PNI的发生率在6.9%~75.6%,总体胃癌PNI发生率约为35
综上所述,PNI是胃癌预后不良的重要因素,在TNM分期为III期中价值尤为重要,PNI联合TNM分期可提高胃癌预后评估的准确性,而PNI可作为术后辅助化疗指征及疗效评价的参考指标。本研究属于回顾性分析,存在一定的局限性。虽然原始病例数较大,同时采用倾向评分匹配法克服选择偏倚,但匹配后的PNI阳性病例数明显减少,说明原始基本资料存在较大的不均衡性。为了深入研究PNI的临床价值,已有研究者运用基于CT的纹理分析和列线图等方法在术前预测PNI状态,达到优化胃癌患者的术前决
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