摘要
干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白1(IFITM1)是一种在淋巴细胞中转导同型黏附信号的膜复合物,在胰腺癌组织中表达量异常,但是其在胰腺癌中的作用机制则仍不清楚,因此,本研究初步探讨IFITM1的表达对胰腺癌细胞生物学行为的影响。
用Western blot法检测78例胰腺癌患者(32例转移,46例未转移)的癌组织和癌旁正常组织中IFITM1的表达。将胰腺癌PANC-1细胞转染IFITM1过表达质粒(IFITM1组)或转染IFITM1过表达质粒同时添加ERK1/2通路抑制剂LY3214996(IFITM1+LY3214996组)后,以无处理的PANC-1细胞为对照组,分别用检测Western blot、CCK-8实验、流式细胞术、划痕愈合实验、Transwell实验检测IFITM1蛋白与ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化水平(ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2)、细胞增殖活力、凋亡以及迁移与侵袭能力的变化。
IFITM1蛋白相对表达量在胰腺癌组织中明显高于癌旁正常组织,在有转移的胰腺癌组织中明显高于无转移的胰腺癌组织(均P<0.05)。与对照组PANC-1细胞比较,IFITM1组PANC-1细胞的IFITM1蛋白表达水平、ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2水平明显升高,凋亡率明显降低,细胞增殖活力、迁移与侵袭能力均明显增强(均P<0.05);IFITM1+LY3214996组PANC-1细胞除IFITM1蛋白表达水平明显升高外(P<0.05),其余指标均无明显变化(均P>0.05)。
关键词
统计报告显示,全世界每年新增胰腺癌患者约46万例,死于胰腺癌的患者约为43万例,分别占所有恶性肿瘤的2.5%和4.5%,每年新发胰腺癌患者的比例虽然排在所有恶性肿瘤的第14位,但其病死率却排在第7位,并且近年来胰腺癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,总体发病年龄呈下降趋
选择2018年6月—2021年6月间在河北省沧州市中心医院肝胆胰外一科行手术治疗的78例胰腺癌患者,收集患者手术切除的胰腺癌组织和癌旁正常组织(距肿瘤组织3 cm以上)。其中男47例,女31例;年龄41~74岁。根据全身正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography-computed tomography,PET-CT)的结果,将患者分为转移组和未转移组。未转移组患者46例,男28例,女18例;平均年龄(53.25±3.62)岁。转移组共32例,男19例,女13例;平均年龄(54.42±3.79)岁。纳入标准:⑴ 年龄在40~75岁之间;⑵ 确诊为胰腺癌;⑶ 患者知情同意。排除标准:⑴ 收集前3个月内接受过胰腺癌相关治疗;⑵ 合并血液学疾病、感染或炎症;⑶ 合并其他癌症。本研究经过河北省沧州市中心医院伦理委员会的批准。
人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1(ATCC,美国)。96孔、24孔组织培养板(康宁公司,美国)。RPMI 1640培养基和抗体(Gibco公司,美国)。IFITM1过表达质粒以及相应的阴性对照(negative control,NC)(吉玛公司,中国)。Lipofectamin
人胰腺癌细胞PANC-1培养在RPMI1640完全基中,培养基含有10%的胎牛血清、0.1 mg/mL的链霉素和100 U/mL的青霉素。将细胞在5% CO2培养箱中于37 ℃和95%湿度下培养。细胞分为3组:对照组、IFITM1组、IFITM1+LY3214996组。IFITM1组和IFITM1+LY3214996组细胞通过转染IFITM质粒来过表达IFITM1。将细胞在6孔板中培养,当细胞达到60%汇合后,添加Opti(100 μL)和Lipofectamin
对于组织中的蛋白水平,按照分组将等量的组织一起裂解。组织或者细胞裂解后通过离心(4 ℃,12 000 r/min,5 min)收集总蛋白。通过10%的SDS-PAGE分离40 μg的蛋白质,并将其转移到PDVF膜上。加入5%脱脂牛奶(室温,2 h)封闭后加入一抗(1∶1 000稀释,4 °C,8 h),洗涤后加入二抗(1∶2 000稀释,室温,1 h)。条带利用ECL可视化处理,GAPDH作为内参,分析ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2的相对表达量。
将100 μL的细胞悬浮液添加到96孔板的孔中,孵育24 h和48 h后,将体积为10 μL的CCK-8溶液添加到每个孔中并孵育2 h。在450 nm波长下,用酶标仪检测每个孔的光密度(OD)值。
将细胞用1×PBS洗涤并悬浮在100 μL结合缓冲液中。加入5 μL的Annexin V-FITC和10 μL的PI,在室温下于黑暗中孵育10~15 min。最后,将400 μL的结合缓冲液添加到样品中,并在1 h内通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。
按照上述方法在6孔板中培养细胞,形成单层细胞。然后使用200 μL 塑料移液器吸头进行划痕。在0 h的划痕宽度。倒出培养基,洗去划掉的细胞,然后将细胞在无血清培养基中培养24 h。再次拍照以评估划痕的愈合情况。通过光学显微镜测量划痕前缘迁移距离百分比。。
IFITM1在胰腺癌组织中的相对表达量明显高于癌旁正常组织(3.85±0.34 vs.1.00±0.08,P<0.001)(

图1 Western blot检测IFITM1蛋白表达 A:胰腺癌组织与癌旁正常组织;B:有转移的胰腺癌组织与无转移的胰腺癌组织
Figure 1 IFITM1 protein expressions detected by Western blot analysis A: Pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissue; B: Pancreatic cancer tissues with and without metastasis
各组细胞中IFITM1蛋白和ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。IFITM1组的IFITM1和p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。IFITM1+LY3214996组的p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2水平明显低于IFITM1组(P<0.001),但IFITM1水平与IFITM1组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IFITM1+LY3214996组的IFITM1蛋白水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001),p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(

图2 各组细胞中IFITM1蛋白和ERK1/2蛋白磷酸化水平
Figure 2 The levels of IFITM1 protein and phosphorylation ERK1/2 protein in each group of cells
各组细胞增殖活力差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IFITM1组的24、48 h的细胞增殖活力均明显高于对照组(均P<0.001);IFITM1+LY3214996组24、48 h的细胞增殖活力均明显低于IFITM1组(均P<0.001);IFITM1+LY3214996组与对照组间24、48 h的细胞增殖活力差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)(

图3 CCK-8法检测各组胰腺癌细胞的增殖活力(OD值)
Figure 3 The proliferative ability of each group of pancreatic cancer cells detected by CCK-8 assay (OD value)
各组细胞的凋亡率差异有统计学意义(F=16.1578,P=0.004)。IFITM1组的凋亡率明显低于对照组[(3.86±0.41)% vs.(6.01±0.58)%,P=0.014];IFITM1+LY3214996组的凋亡率明显高于IFITM1组[(5.67±0.63)% vs.(3.86±0.41)%,P=0.027];IFITM1+LY3214996组与对照组的凋亡率差异无统计学意义[(5.67±0.63)% vs. (6.01±0.58)%,P>0.05](

图4 流式细胞术检测各组胰腺癌细胞凋亡情况
Figure 4 The apoptosis in each group of pancreatic cancer cells detected by flow cytometry
各组细胞迁移能力差异有统计学意义(F=23.715,P<0.001)。IFITM1组的划痕前缘迁移百分比明显高于对照组[(86.23±4.61)% vs.(51.78±2.64)%,P<0.001];IFITM1+LY3214996组的划痕前缘迁移百分比明显低于IFITM1组[(48.82±3.12)% vs.(86.23±4.61)%,P<0.001];IFITM1+LY3214996组与对照组划痕前缘迁移百分比差异无统计学意义[(48.82±3.12)% vs. (51.78±2.64)%,P>0.05](

图5 划痕愈合实验检测各组胰腺癌细胞的迁移能力
Figure 5 The migration ability of each group of pancreatic cancer cells analyzed by scratch healing experiment
3组细胞侵袭能力差异有统计学意义(F=36.286,P<0.001)。IFITM1组的侵袭细胞数目明显高于对照组[(210.85±15.43)个 vs.(104.47±10.86)个,P<0.001];IFITM1+LY3214996组的侵袭细胞数目明显低于IFITM1组[(112.35±14.94)个vs. (210.85±15.43)个,P<0.001];IFITM1+LY3214996组与对照组的侵袭细胞数差异无统计学意义[(112.35±14.94)个vs.(104.47±10.86)个,P>0.05](

图6 Transwell实验检测各组胰腺癌细胞的侵袭能力
Figure 6 The invasion ability of each group of pancreatic cancer cells analyzed by Transwell assay
IFITM1是一种由干扰素诱导的蛋白,具有调节细胞增殖、存活、运动和分泌的作
为进一步分析IFITM1促进胰腺癌进展的机制,本研究也检测了IFITM1对胰腺癌细胞中ERK1/2的影响。一项研
然而,本研究也存在不足之处,关于IFITM1与胰腺癌患者生存率之间的关系仍需要扩大样本进行长期随访研究。此外,IFITM1通过ERK1/2促进胰腺癌转移的分子机制仍需要动物实验证实。
综上所述,IFITM1促进胰腺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并抑制凋亡,IFITM1在胰腺癌组织中上调并可通过激活ERK1/2促进胰腺癌转移。提示IFITM1可能成为诊断和治疗胰腺癌的新靶点。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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