摘要
酒精性急性胰腺炎(AAP)是目前仅次于胆源性急性胰腺炎(ABP)最严重的急性胰腺炎(AP)类型,其病情更重、病死率更高,多器官损害更明显。有研究表明,酒精使发生重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的危险度增加,AAP较ABP易发展成SAP。近年来AAP相关研究正成为热点,获得理想动物模型有助于深入研究AAP的发病机制,而目前针对AAP研究构建有效的动物模型方法却十分欠缺。故笔者就国内外AAP动物模型研究方法进行综述,以期为AAP研究提供新思路。
China Journal of General Surgery, 2023, 32(3):448-453.
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是常见的消化系统疾病之一,由多种因素引发胰腺腺泡细胞内酶原异常激活后而胰腺组织的自身消
有研
酒精灌注
酒精刺激胰腺的分泌功能,导致胰腺对胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinine,CCK)的敏感性增加,胰液中胰蛋白酶含量增加并形成蛋白栓,最终导致胰液排出受
已有研
酒精会损害肠道的磷酸盐吸
在研
AAP的发病率正逐年提高,其病死率高,重症存活者生活质量低下,一直是困扰临床医师的难题,建立合适的AAP动物模型至关重要。开发AAP的实验模型已被证明是困难的,与在人类身上观察到的情况类似,实验动物在单独暴露于酒精的情况下不会可靠地发生明显的胰腺炎,需要联合其他方法诱导。目前用于构建AAP动物模型的方法包括:酒精注射联合POA、酒精灌注联合促分泌刺激、酒精灌注联合LPS、低磷饮食联合酒精灌注等,其中较常用的是酒精注射联合POA。AAP模型虽简单、成本低,操作简单,但所需时间长,临床相关性差,且对于AAP模型研究尚处于初级阶段,其造模成功率、实验动物死亡率、易用性、重复性还有待进一步探索。酒精及其代谢产物、细菌内毒素、饮酒方式、吸烟等因素在AAP发展中具有重要作用,可为APP模型的建立提供新思路,有望能为APP的治疗提供实验依据。
作者贡献声明
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利益冲突
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