摘要
自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)是一种由自身免疫介导的罕见胰腺炎,发病率约10.1/10万,皮质激素治疗效果良好。但部分局灶性AIP与胰腺癌较难鉴别,也存在误诊为胰腺癌而采取手术治疗的情况。目前,AIP的发病机制尚未阐明,相关研究仍然缺乏。本文报告本中心近期收治的2例1型AIP患者的诊治过程,并结合文献进行复习以期为临床工作提供借鉴。
2例患者均为男性,表现为梗阻性黄疸,影像学检查均提示胰头部占位,难以区分炎症及肿瘤。患者1血IgG4显著升高,伴有胰腺外器官受累的表现,诊断为1型AIP,激素治疗后病情缓解。患者2相对不典型,无血IgG4和胰外器官受累等表现,超声内镜穿刺病理回报慢性炎症,为进一步诊治行腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术,术中可见胰头明显肿大,质地硬,与周围粘连紧密。术后病理呈典型的淋巴浆细胞硬化性胰腺炎(LPSP),诊断为1型AIP,激素治疗后病情缓解。
China Journal of General Surgery, 2023, 32(3):416-423.
自身免疫性胰腺炎(autoimmune pancreatitis,AIP)是一种由自身免疫介导的罕见的胰腺炎,患病率约10.1/10万,皮质激素治疗效果良
患者1 男,66岁。自2021年10月起,多次因腹痛、咳嗽就诊于省内某大型三甲医院,诊断为“胰腺癌并远处淋巴结转移”,未系统治疗。2022年1月24日,再次因上腹间断性隐痛就诊于中南大学湘雅三医院肝胆胰外科。完善相关检查,胸腹CT提示:胰腺肿胀,胰头区占位,增强扫描呈不均匀轻度强化,伴肝内外胆管扩张和胆管炎,双侧肺门、纵膈、腹腔及腹膜后多发淋巴结肿大,双肾多发结节状低密度灶,考虑恶性肿瘤(

图1 患者1资料 A:初次就诊影像(2022年1月26日);B:EUS-FNA病理结果(HE×100);C:近期复查影像(2022年6月6日)
Figure 1 Data of case 1 A: Initial imaging on first visit (January 26, 2022); B: EUS-FNA pathology (HE×100); C: Recent follow-up imaging (June 6, 2022)
项目 | 2022年1月 | 2022年3月 | 2022年4月 | 2022年5月 |
---|---|---|---|---|
血白细胞(×1 | 15.91 | 12.82 | 11.04 | 11.56 |
ALT(U/L) | 38 | 28 | 40 | 30 |
AST(U/L) | 44 | 21 | 30 | 21 |
TBIL(μmol/L) | 112.8 | 22.9 | 11.7 | 11.3 |
直接胆红素(μmol/L) | 87.3 | 16.1 | 3.9 | 3.7 |
血IgG4(g/L) | 10.4 | 6.21 | 2.7 | 2.75 |
CA19-9(U/mL) | 163.54 | — | — | 26.98 |
注: ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶);AST(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶)
Note: ALT(alanine transaminase); AST(aspartate transaminase)
患者2 男,50岁,因皮肤、巩膜黄染20 d于2022年2月28日就诊中南大学湘雅三医院感染科门诊,化验肝功提示ALT、AST、TBIL、直接胆红素明显升高。查体:体温36.3 ℃,脉搏58次/min,呼吸20次/min,血压119/69 mmHg,慢性病,全身皮肤、巩膜黄染,无其他阳性体征。3月5日以“黄疸查因”收入感染科,完善相关检查。腹部CT提示:胰头部体积增大,增强扫描强化较均匀,各期强化CT值为56 HU、87 HU、97 HU,考虑胰腺炎,合并肝内外胆管扩张,待除外胰头部肿瘤,左侧门静脉高压合并胃周多发迂曲扩张血管、脾大(

图2 患者2资料 A:初次就诊影像(2022年3月7日);B:EUS-FNB病理结果(HE×100);C:手术大体标本;D:手术标本病理结果(HE×100);E:术后影像(2022年3月28日)
Figure 2 Data of case 2 A: Initial imaging on first visit (March 7, 2022); B: EUS-FNA pathology (HE×100); C: Surgical gross specimen; D: Pathology results of surgical specimen (HE×100); E: Postoperative imaging (March 28, 2022)
项目 | 2022年3月 | 2022年4月 | 2022年5月 |
---|---|---|---|
血白细胞(×1 | 3.4 | 5.81 | 5.27 |
ALT(U/L) | 415 | 24 | 28 |
AST(U/L) | 230 | 14 | 26 |
TBIL(μmol/L) | 155.4 | 22.8 | 12.1 |
直接胆红素(μmol/L) | 108.7 | 15.3 | 5.5 |
血IgG4(g/L) | 0.446 | 0.25 | — |
AIP是一种呈全球散在分布的少见病,总体发病率为10.1/10
尽管AIP的重视程度不断提高,但由于其临床表现缺乏特异性,误诊误治仍较为普
目前主流的用于诊断AIP的指南包括国际胰腺病协会2011年指
对于该类病例的诊治,笔者有以下几点体会:⑴ 临床医生需要加强业务知识的学习,避免在诊断时思维定式,对于胰腺占位可疑胰腺恶性肿瘤的患者,要时刻考虑到AIP的可能,完善免疫标志物尤其是IgG4等检查。尽管血IgG4仅在1/3的1型AIP患者中升高,阴性并不能排除诊断,但其升高时即为强力的诊断依
作者贡献声明
彭程和贺舜民负责撰写论文初稿,涂广平和余栎负责收集病例资料,孙吉春和汪东文负责核对病例资料与论文的一致性,李志强和余枭负责论文撰写的指导和审校。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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