摘要
胰十二指肠切除术(PD)术后并发症发生率高达40%,故对其并发症的早期预测及处理是有必要的。PD术后高淀粉酶血症(POH)被认为是术后早期并发症发生率及严重程度的预测因子,但因对血清淀粉酶活性升高的机制不明确,其意义和含义近些年以不同的方式被解释。在此,笔者就POH概念的提出与发展历程、原因及影响、与术后急性胰腺炎及术后胰瘘之间的关系,以及防治措施等加以综述。
胰十二指肠切除术(pancreatoduodenectomy,PD)是针对治疗各种胰腺(胰头部肿瘤)、十二指肠(壶腹部肿瘤)和胆道(胆管下段肿瘤)疾病的标准术
自20世纪20年代起,陆续有学者报道,胃、十二指肠、胆道等上腹部器官术后早期出现血清淀粉酶升高的情况,其中部分病例在临床上被进一步诊断为急性胰腺
近些年,POH被认为是PPAP的生化表达,PPAP是由胰脏残端缺血与局部炎症(胰腺炎)相关的机制引起
Carter
PPAP与POPF引起的急性胰腺炎不同,可能会增加术后其他严重并发症的发生率,甚至导致器官功能衰竭、再次手术或死
早在2013年Cloyd
PPAP的发生可引起胰腺实质细胞损伤,延长胰腺吻合口愈合时间,为POPF的发生提供了先决条件。另一方面,吻合口瘘引起的酶激活可能引起胰腺炎症损伤,导致PPAP的发生。在Quero
目前,尚无有关预防及治疗POH和PPAP的高质量证据,多数学者通过加强围手术期管理来减少此并发症的发生。
术前,美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)指
术中,有学者描述采用硬膜外麻醉可以改善术后并发症及严重程
术后使用生长抑素类似物,如帕西洛肽可通过抑制胰腺外分泌功能在降低POPF或其他并发症发生率方面可能存在益
总之,POH的定义是血清淀粉酶水平持续高于的正常上限48 h。它被认为代表胰腺残端缺血和局部炎症的生化表现。POH独立预测POPF,并与较高的临床相关术后并发症发生率显著相关。PPAP是胰腺切除术后的独立并发症,影响PD术后其他并发症的发生率和术后恢复,对其预防与治疗的下一步研究显得更为重要,何时进行增强CT检查等问题亟须更多研究证据予以明确。目前,保守治疗仍在相关研究中被推荐为首选治疗方法,当出现坏死性PPAP征象时应考虑手术干预。
作者贡献声明
开塞尔·阿不都哈迪尔负责检索文献及文稿撰写,修改审核;林海负责确定主题及提纲,审阅论文并对研究工作提供基金支持并最终同意论文发表。
利益冲突
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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