摘要
病态肥胖及其伴随疾病已是全世界需要共同面对的严重公众卫生问题之一,而减重代谢手术到目前为止仍是长期控制体质量最有效的方法。在所有的减重术式中,袖状胃切除术(SG)是目前应用最广的一种,但它并不是完美的术式。术后可能加重原有或出现新发的胃食管反流病(GERD)一直是这种术式所要面对的最严重的问题之一。然而目前关于SG患者GERD的诊治方面还缺乏高级别临床试验的证据。因此,由国内四家减重手术中心发起,来自中日韩三国的41位在减重代谢手术及GERD诊治方面有丰富经验的专家,以Delphi法来达成SG患者GERD诊治的共识。本共识中共59个征询问题,其中44个达成共识。期待本共识不仅能作为临床诊治的参考依据,也能为未来高质量临床研究提供更多可能的方向。
“2024年世界肥胖报告
迄今为止,减重代谢手术仍是病态肥胖患者长期有效控制体质量、缓解代谢性疾病的最佳选
Delphi
为了更好地进行讨论,总共59个征询问题分为四个部分:⑴ SG患者术前GERD的评估及术式选择,共8条征询问题有7条达成共识(附件1);⑵ SG术中减少GERD发生的技术要点,共11条征询问题有9条达成共识(附件2);⑶ SG术后GERD的评估及非手术治疗,共20条征询问题有17条达成共识(附件3);⑷ SG术后GERD的修正手术,共20条征询问题有11条达成共识(附件4)。
GERD是病态肥胖常见的伴随疾病。肥胖是GERD的危险因素,研
对于病态肥胖合并GERD患者,虽然通过改变生活方式、药物治疗或抗反流手术能在一定程度上缓解反流,但减重应为其治疗的关
SG是当前全球应用最多的减重代谢手术术
1.3 对于洛杉矶分级C级(LA-C)及以上的严重食管炎或者巴雷特食管(Barrett esophagus,BE)患者,应避免行SG/单吻合口胃旁路术(one anastomosis gastric bypass,OAGB)(共识通过率:75.61%,31/41,达成共识)
1.4 对于洛杉矶分级C级(LA-C)或D级(LA-D)的严重GERD或者BE患者,应建议行Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,RYGB)(共识通过率:92.68%,38/41,达成共识)
虽然SG对GERD的影响仍无定论,但BE或者严重食管炎洛杉矶分级C级或D级(LA-C或LA-D)作为SG的禁忌证获得了大多数专家及外科医师的认
对于LA-C及以上的严重食管炎或者BE患者,RYGB应该是更合理的选择。多数研
1.5 对于术前存在烧心、反流或胸痛、上腹痛、上腹胀、嗳气等不典型症状的病态肥胖患者,应常规进行反流性疾病问卷量表(reflux disease questionnaire,RDQ)和GERD问卷量表(gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire,GerdQ)的评估(共识通过率:90.24%,37/41,达成共识)
作为初步判断的辅助诊断工具。当RDQ评分≥12分或GerdQ评分≥8分,认为存在GERD的可能性大,需进一步检查明确诊断及分级,为术式的选择提供参
随着体质量的增加,GERD的并发症包括食管炎,BE的发病率也会升
RE是指存在内镜下可见的食管下段黏膜破损,根据洛杉矶分级,RE可进一步分为四个等级:A级,指1条或1条以上食管黏膜损伤,受损长度≤5 mm;B级,指1条或1条以上食管黏膜损伤,受损长度>5 mm,黏膜破损无融合;C级,指至少2条食管黏膜破损,且黏膜破损相互融合,融合范围<食管全周的75%;D级,指黏膜破损且相互融合,融合范围≥食管全周的75%。美国胃肠病学院(American College of Gastroenterology,ACG)制定的《GERD临床诊断和管理指南(2022年)
在病态肥胖患者中,HH的发生率远高于低体质量者(OR=4.2,95% CI=2.4~7.6
HH可根据临床症状、体征、胸部X线片及胸部CT进行诊断,内镜及消化道造影可作于分型依据。需要注意的是,应进行内镜和胸部CT检查后再进行钡餐检查,避免钡剂掩盖病变。HH分为四型:Ⅰ型即滑动型HH,指胃食管连接部移位至膈上;Ⅱ型即食管旁疝型HH,指胃底经膈食管膜缺损向上疝出;Ⅲ型即混合型HH,指胃食管连接部和胃底均经裂孔疝出;Ⅳ型即多器官型HH,是疝囊内存在胃之外的其他器官(如结肠、脾脏、胰腺或小肠等)。胃食管连接部阀瓣样结构代表胃食管连接处抗反流屏障的功能。根据Hill分级,可将此结构分为四个等级:Ⅰ级,指沿胃小弯侧隆起的组织皱襞紧密包绕内镜;Ⅱ级,指组织皱襞隆起包绕内镜不如Ⅰ级紧密,随呼吸放松且迅速关闭;Ⅲ级,指组织皱襞隆起不能紧密包绕内镜,部分患者可见裂孔疝;Ⅳ级,指不存在组织皱襞隆起,食管胃结合部区域开放,可见向内聚集凹陷的疝囊,食管上皮易见。Hill分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级多见于健康人群,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级多见于GERD患者。
1.8 对于术前高度怀疑GERD又缺乏诊断依据的患者应转至有条件的医院行食管反流监测及高分辨率食管测压(high resolution manometry,HRM)明确诊断(共识通过率:68.29%,28/41,未达成共识)
研究表明,肥胖患者食管下括约肌(low esophageal sphincter,LES)缺陷的发病率很
食管反流监测包括食管pH值和食管阻抗-pH值监测,可检测食管腔内有无胃内容物反流,是诊断GERD的唯一客观检查方法,能提高GERD诊断的准确性,并对复杂病例明确GERD的诊断有很大帮助,其最主要的指标为酸暴露时间百分比(acid exposure time,AET),即24 h内食管pH<4的时间百分比。亚洲人群AET>4%,认为存在病理性酸反流,可诊断为GER
需要注意的是,为能更准确地体现反流相关症状和体征,在行内镜检查或食管反流监测等检查前,应暂停PPI治疗2~4周。
SG手术操作可能会对GERD产生影响。首先,从术式和解剖的角度来看,SG会显著缩小胃的容积,同时胃大弯侧去除后胃容受性舒张功能减弱甚至消失,导致胃腔内压力升高,增加了GERD的风险。SG会影响食管-胃交界处的解剖结构,如相对缩短食管,导致胃酸更容易逆流进入食管,进而引发GER
胃窦是胃的下部,位于幽门附近,是胃黏膜产生胃酸和胃蛋白酶的主要区域。保留胃窦可以维持一定程度的胃酸和胃蛋白酶的分泌功能,有助于维持胃内环境的稳定性,也有助于食物的消化吸
选择合适大小的支撑管可能会降低SG术后并发症的发生率,如胃食管反流和吞咽困难
2.4 完整切除胃底,同时注意距离His角1.0~1.5 cm进行切割,有助于缓解SG术后的GERD的发生(共识通过率:82.93%,34/41,达成共识)
2.5 尽量保持残胃上窄下宽的形态;避免对左侧膈肌脚的过度分离和破坏,有助于缓解SG术后GERD的发生(共识通过率:85.37%,35/41,达成共识)
2.6 SG手术时不应该切除胃食管结合部的脂肪垫,可以减少SG术后胃上移进入纵隔的机会(共识通过率:68.29%,28/41,未达成共识)
在进行SG手术时,充分游离胃底并保证胃底完整切除的同时,尽量保持His角正常状态或尽量使His角保持锐角的状态,可以有助于维持胃食管结合部的正常位置和LES的正常压力和结构的稳定性,防止胃内容物逆流进入食管,进而降低GERD的风
研
2.8 在行SG时,如术中发现HH,应同时修补以减少术后GERD的发生(共识通过率:82.93%,34/41,达成共识)
2.9 当食管前上方韧带凹陷,横径≥2 cm或食管周围有组织疝入胸腔时,应考虑存在HH(共识通过率:90.24%,37/41,达成共识)
2.10 如术中考虑有HH,应该选择的修补的方式是:完全游离,按照标准的HH直接缝合方式进行修补(共识通过率:78.05%,32/41,达成共识)
HH主要特征是胃上部通过食管裂孔进入胸腔,破坏正常的抗反流机制,常导致胃内酸性物质逆流至食管,引起GERD,严重时可能引发溃疡和食管腺癌等并发症,是减重代谢手术后新发GERD和GERD症状不缓解的主要原因之
研究表明,对合并HH的患者进行SG并同时行HHR,可以显著降低术后GERD的发生率和严重程度。Soricelli
因此,在进行SG时,若术中发现合并HH,及时进行修补可有效缓解术后GERD的发生和严重程度。术中如何判断HH尚无定论,当没有明显的胃食管结合部上移或胃疝入胸腔的表现时,大多数专家都认为食管前上方韧带凹陷或食管周围有组织疝入胸腔,横径≥2 cm时,也应该认为存在滑动性HH。如果术中发现HH,如何进行修补仍存在争议。目前也缺乏这方面的高质量研究证据,但大多数专家同意按照HH指
对SG术后可能加重GERD的质疑一直存在,因此,对于术前就有典型的GERD症状,特别是胃镜发现有严重的RE(LA-C或LA-D)患者,有医师开始尝试加做抗反流的新型减重代谢术式。这些术式大致可以分为胃底折叠+S
3.1 SG术后会出现GERD的加重或出现新发的GERD(共识通过率:85.37%,35/41,达成共识)
3.2 SG术后,BE的发生率升高(共识通过率:46.34%,19/41,未达成共识)
3.3 SG术后,高发的GERD并不会引起食管腺癌发生率的增加(共识通过率:43.90%,18/41,未达成共识)
SG术后很多患者会出现新发GERD或原有GERD的症状加重,在东西方国家都有很多文
2020年国际肥胖与代谢病外科联盟(International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders,IFSO)在关于减重代谢手术与BE的立场声
SG术后GERD的高发与很多因素有关。SG术后胃顺应性下降导致胃腔内的压力明显升高;抗反流屏障的破坏包括His角变钝,黏膜活瓣功能减弱甚至丧失以及吊索纤维的破坏导致LES压力的降低;术中遗漏HH及医源性胃腔的狭窄或扭转等也是常见原
3.4 SG术后是否存在GERD,也需要与术前相同的方法进行准确评估(共识通过率:92.68%,38/41,达成共识)
3.5 SG术后的患者,均需要进行GERD相关病史的采集及主观症状的评分(共识通过率:100.00%,41/41,达成共识)
3.6 术后出现GERD的患者,根据患者症状的严重程度决定胃镜随访时间,建议在SG术后3~6个月(共识通过率:75.61%,31/41,达成共识)
3.7 术后无GERD的患者,也需要行胃镜检查评估,建议在SG术后12个月进行(共识通过率:97.56%,40/41,达成共识)
3.8 术后GERD长时间不缓解或症状不典型的,需要HRM检测及食管24 h pH监测(共识通过率:80.49%,33/41,达成共识)
3.9 术后GERD长时间不缓解,需要行进一步检查除外HH(共识通过率:90.24%,37/41,达成共识)
SG术后的GERD也应该和术前一样,进行准确的诊断与评估。基本方法仍是参考《GERD的最新诊断:里昂共识
3.10 生活方式改变是帮助缓解术后GERD的重要手段(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
3.11 术后需要预防性用药缓解GERD(共识通过率:85.37%,35/41,达成共识)
3.12 术后预防性抑酸治疗一般在术后3~7 d开始(共识通过率:85.37%,35/41,达成共识)
3.13 术后预防性抑酸治疗一般持续3~6个月(共识通过率:65.85%,27/41,未达成共识)
SG术后的GERD也应该遵循GERD治疗的基本原
关于SG术后是否需要预防性用药来缓解GERD,在国内外共识中罕有提及。也缺乏高质量的研究证明预防性用药的有效性。大多数的减重中心还是建议患者术后早期就开始服用PPI以减少术后的GERD发生,参与本共识制定的大多数专家也同意在术后3~7 d开始预防性用药。但对用药持续的时间未能达成共识,需要进行更多的临床研究给予更充分的证据证明。
3.14 改变生活习惯后,GERD症状仍不缓解,应按需给予药物治疗(共识通过率:97.56%,40/41,达成共识)
3.15 药物治疗首选PPI,治疗方案和其他病因引起的GERD相同(共识通过率:97.56%,40/41,达成共识)
3.16 术后GERD的患者,药物治疗效果不佳的,要充分考虑心理社会因素的影响并给予适当的干预(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
当一线治疗效果欠佳,患者症状明显时,就要给予以抑酸药为主的药物治疗。AGA关于个体化GERD诊治的专家共识更
此外,还需要关注患者的心理社会因素,很多患者长期处于焦虑中,内脏的高敏感状态会使患者在正常酸暴露下出现明显的GERD症
3.17 术后GERD的患者,药物治疗效果不佳或不能停药的,要进行进一步评估(共识通过率:97.56%,40/41,达成共识)
3.18 对于诊断明确又没有明显解剖异常的GERD,药物治疗效果不佳或者不能停药的,可以考虑内镜下抗反流黏膜干预措施(antireflux mucosal intervention,ARMI)(共识通过率:78.05%,32/41,达成共识)
3.19 ARMI早期疗效较好,但其长期的治疗效果还有待更长时间的随访和更多病例的积累(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
3.20 残胃狭窄引起的GERD,可考虑行内镜下扩张术(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
如果生活方式的改变和优化药物治疗均没有效果,需要对患者的GERD进一步评估,明确GERD的诊断并判断其疗效不佳的原因。例如是否存在HH、是否有胃腔的狭窄或扭转等。如果仅仅是单纯的LES压力的降低,可以尝试ARMI,包括黏膜切除(antireflux mucosectomy,ARMS),黏膜射频消融(antireflux mucosal ablation,ARMA)和黏膜套扎(antireflux band ligation,ARBL)以及电刺激治疗(electrical stimulation treatment,EST)等,但其治疗效果报道差异很大。Khidir
ACG制定的《胃食管反流病的临床诊断和管理指南
4.1 修正手术的目的是改善患者GERD症状,提高患者生活质量,并防止GERD以及GERD并发症的进一步进展(共识通过率:100.00%,41/41,达成共识)
4.2 修正手术前应该至少有6~12个月的正规GERD治疗证据(包括强化生活方式干预和药物治疗)(共识通过率:92.68%,38/41,达成共识)
4.3 无论进行何种修正手术,术前都需要以同样的方法进行准确评估GERD、减重效果以及全身情况(共识通过率:100.00%,41/41,达成共识)
修正手术的目的是改善患者GERD症状,提高患者生活质量,并防止GERD以及GERD并发症的进一步发展。92.68%的专家同意在修正手术前应该至少有6~12个月的正规GERD治疗证据(包括强化生活方式干预和药物治疗)。所有专家(100%)同意,无论进行何种修正手术,术前都需要以同样的方法进行准确评估GERD、减重效果以及全身情况。
4.4 对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确又没有明确HH的患者,可考虑行RYGB(共识通过率:82.93%,34/41,达成共识)
4.5 对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行HHR+RYGB(共识通过率:80.49%,33/41,达成共识)
82.93%的专家同意RYGB对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确(轻至重度PPI难治性GERD)的患者是一种可接受的手术选择。这一说法与当前的文献一致。Chiappetta
4.6 对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确(轻至中度PPI,难治性GERD)又没有明确HH的患者,可以考虑行磁环抗反流装置治疗(共识通过率:63.41%,26/41,未达成共识)
4.7 对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行HHR+磁环抗反流装置(magnetic sphincter augmentation,MSA)(共识通过率:48.78%,20/41,未达成共识)
对于减重效果理想、GERD诊断明确(轻至中度PPI,难治性GERD)的患者,可考虑行MSA装置植入术(未达成共识)。该技术作为被美国食品药品管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准的新型MSA装置,通过腹腔镜在LES周围放置磁性环装置(由多颗带磁芯的钛珠连接而成),通过磁珠间的吸引增加胃食管交界处压力,达到抗反流的效
对于伴有HH的患者,同期进行HHR联合MSA装置植入术,未达成共识。其主要原因可能是因为目前暂无这方面的证据。Ndubizu
HH是SG术后常见的并发症之一。一项RC
SG术后GERD和相关并发症发生率的增加可能是由胃固定功能的丧失引起的,例如破坏膈食管韧带引起袖状胃定位不当,从而导致胃食管交界处滑入到胸腔
目前,HHR联合胃固定术在SG术后GERD的证据缺乏。Soong
4.10 减重效果不理想/复胖GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行再次腹腔镜下袖状胃切除术(Re-Sleeve Gastrectomy,Re-SG)(共识通过率:51.22%,21/41,未达成共识)
4.11 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG(共识通过率:48.78%,20/41,未达成共识)
4.12 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行Re-SG+胃底折叠术(共识通过率:46.34%,19/41,未达成共识)
4.13 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG+胃底折叠术(共识通过率:43.90%,18/41,未达成共识)
4.14 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行Re-SG+His角重建(共识通过率:54.54%,24/41,未达成共识)
4.15 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG+His角重建(共识通过率:51.22%,21/41,未达成共识)
Re-SG在修正手术中的占比较少,其主要应用在SG术后复胖或减重不理想的患者,并且显示出较好的临床疗
4.16 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又没有明确HH的患者,无胃扩张/胃扭转,可考虑行RYGB(共识通过率:85.37%,35/41,达成共识)
4.17 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,无胃扩张/胃扭转,可考虑行HHR+RYGB(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
对于减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确的患者,RYGB是唯一一个达成共识的有效治疗方式。一项Meta分
减重效果不理想/复胖时,修正为OAGB、单吻合口十二指肠回肠旁路术联合袖状胃切除术(single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy,SADI-S)、胆胰分流并十二指肠转位术(biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch,BPD-DS)等术式也显示出较好的减重效
4.18 减重效果理想,残胃狭窄引起的GERD,反复内镜下扩张失败的,可考虑行RYGB(共识通过率:90.24%,37/41,达成共识)
4.19 减重效果不理想/复胖,残胃狭窄引起的GERD,可考虑行RYGB(共识通过率:95.12%,39/41,达成共识)
如果GERD的原因更多是技术性的,例如袖状胃狭窄、扭曲、扭结或瘢痕形成等,则应考虑进行内窥镜或手术干
贫血和营养不良是SG和RYGB术后常见的并发症,RYGB术后更为常
本共识的制定希望对SG患者GERD的诊治提供参考。但由于本共识大多数的推荐点还是基于专家经验,不仅现在未达成共识的推荐点还有待更多更高级别证据的证实;现在已达成共识的推荐点,当有更多的高级别证据时也可能更新;未来也有很大的可能发现更多的与SG后GERD发生相关的因素加入共识讨论。期待有更多的在此领域的高级别研究,不仅作为临床诊治的基础,也为未来共识的更新提供更多依据。
附录
征询问题 | 同意(票) | 不同意(票) | 不确定(票) | 比例 (%) | 是否达成共识 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 病态肥胖合并GERD患者需要手术治疗时,建议行减重手术 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 | 是 |
2. 除了少部分严重的GERD患者,大多数病态肥胖伴GERD患者可以选择SG | 33 | 6 | 2 | 80.49 | 是 |
3. 对于LA-C或LA-D的严重GERD或者BE患者,应避免行SG/OAGB | 31 | 4 | 6 | 75.61 | 是 |
4. 对于LA-C或LA-D的严重GERD或者BE患者,应建议行RYGB | 38 | 0 | 3 | 92.68 | 是 |
5. 对于术前存在烧心、反流或胸痛、上腹痛、上腹胀、嗳气等不典型症状的病态肥胖患者,应常规进行RDQ和GerdQ评估 | 37 | 1 | 3 | 90.24 | 是 |
6. 建议所有拟接受减重手术的患者术前常规进行上消化道内镜检查 | 39 | 2 | 0 | 95.12 | 是 |
7. 术前对是否合并HH及其分型进行详尽的评估,为术式选择提供参考 | 40 | 0 | 1 | 97.56 | 是 |
8. 对于术前高度怀疑GERD又缺乏诊断依据的患者应转至有条件的医院行食管反流监测及HRM明确诊断 | 28 | 8 | 5 | 68.29 | 否 |
征询问题 | 同意(票) | 不同意(票) | 不确定(票) | 比例 (%) | 是否达成共识 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 重视SG的手术操作细节,在一定程度上可以避免加重术后的GERD | 36 | 1 | 4 | 87.80 | 是 |
2. 手术时应通过合理保留胃窦,距离幽门4~6 cm以上开始切割可以有效降低术后GERD的发生率 | 29 | 6 | 6 | 70.73 | 是 |
3. 合理选择支撑管的大小可以在保证手术效果的同时减少术后GERD的发生,推荐使用36~38 Fr的支撑管 | 35 | 6 | 0 | 85.37 | 是 |
4. 完整切除胃底,同时注意距离His角1~1.5 cm进行切割,有助于缓解SG后GERD的发生 | 34 | 1 | 6 | 82.93 | 是 |
5. 尽量保持残胃上窄下宽的形态;避免对左侧膈肌脚的过度分离和破坏,有助于缓解SG后GERD的发生 | 35 | 2 | 4 | 85.37 | 是 |
6. 手术时不应该切除胃食管结合部的脂肪垫,可以减少SG术后胃上移进入纵隔的机会 | 28 | 7 | 6 | 68.29 | 否 |
7. 选择适当的缝合材料和技术对于减少SG术后的GERD有重要意义 | 26 | 10 | 5 | 63.41 | 否 |
8. 在行SG时,如术中发现存在HH,应同时行修补以减少术后GERD的发生 | 34 | 3 | 4 | 82.93 | 是 |
9. 当食管前上方韧带凹陷,横径≥2 cm或食管周围有组织疝出进入胸腔时,应考虑存在HH | 37 | 2 | 2 | 90.24 | 是 |
10. 如术中考虑有HH,应该选择的修补方式是:完全游离,按照标准的HH直接缝合方式进行修补 | 32 | 3 | 6 | 78.05 | 是 |
11. 加做抗反流术式的各种新型减重术式有较好的缓解GERD的近期疗效。但其安全性和远期效果还有待更长时间和更多病例的随访 | 36 | 1 | 4 | 87.80 | 是 |
征询问题 | 同意(票) | 不同意(票) | 不确定(票) | 比例 (%) | 是否达成共识 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. SG术后会出现GERD的加重或出现新发的GERD | 35 | 2 | 4 | 85.37 | 是 |
2. SG术后,BE的发生率升高 | 19 | 7 | 15 | 46.34 | 否 |
3. SG术后,高发的GERD并不会引起食管腺癌发生率的增加 | 18 | 8 | 15 | 43.90 | 否 |
4. SG术后是否存在GERD,也需要与术前相同的方法进行准确评估 | 38 | 2 | 1 | 92.68 | 是 |
5. SG术后的患者,均需要进行GERD相关病史的采集及主观症状的评分 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 | 是 |
6. 术后出现GERD的患者,根据患者症状的严重程度决定胃镜随访时间,建议在SG术后3~6个月 | 31 | 6 | 4 | 75.61 | 是 |
7. 术后无GERD的患者,也需要行胃镜检查评估,建议在SG术后12个月 | 40 | 0 | 1 | 97.56 | 是 |
8. 术后GERD长时间不缓解或症状不典型的,需要HRM检测及食管24 h pH监测 | 33 | 4 | 4 | 80.49 | 是 |
9. 术后GERD长时间不缓解,需要行进一步检查除外HH | 37 | 3 | 1 | 90.24 | 是 |
10. 生活方式改变是帮助缓解术后GERD的重要手段 | 39 | 2 | 0 | 95.12 | 是 |
11. 术后需要预防性用药缓解GERD | 35 | 3 | 3 | 85.37 | 是 |
12. 术后预防性抑酸治疗一般在术后3~7 d开始 | 35 | 5 | 1 | 85.37 | 是 |
13. 术后预防性抑酸治疗一般持续3~6个月 | 27 | 8 | 6 | 65.85 | 否 |
14. 改变生活习惯后,GERD症状仍不缓解,应按需给予药物治疗 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 97.56 | 是 |
15. 药物治疗首选PPI,治疗方案和其他病因引起的GERD相同 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 97.56 | 是 |
16. 术后GERD的患者,药物治疗效果不佳的,要充分考虑心理社会因素的影响并给予适当的干预 | 39 | 1 | 1 | 95.12 | 是 |
17. 术后GERD的患者,药物治疗效果不佳或不能停药的,要进行进一步评估 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 97.56 | 是 |
18. 对于诊断明确又没有明显解剖异常的GERD,药物治疗效果不佳或者不能停药的,可以考虑内镜下ARMI | 32 | 2 | 7 | 78.05 | 是 |
19. ARMI早期疗效较好,但其长期的治疗效果还有待更长时间的随访和更多病例的积累 | 39 | 0 | 2 | 95.12 | 是 |
20. 残胃狭窄引起的GERD,可考虑行内镜下扩张术 | 39 | 2 | 0 | 95.12 | 是 |
征询问题 | 同意(票) | 不同意(票) | 不确定(票) | 比例 (%) | 是否达成共识 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. 修正手术的目的是改善患者GERD症状,提高患者生活质量,并防治GERD及GERD并发症的进一步进展 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 | 是 |
2. 修正手术前应该至少有6~12个月的正规GERD治疗证据(包括强化生活方式干预和药物治疗) | 38 | 2 | 1 | 92.68 | 是 |
3. 无论进行何种修正手术,术前都需要以同样的方法进行准确评估GERD,减重效果以及全身情况 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 | 是 |
4. 对于减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又没有明确HH的患者,可考虑行RYGB | 34 | 7 | 0 | 82.93 | 是 |
5. 减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行HHR+RYGB | 33 | 6 | 2 | 80.49 | 是 |
6. 对于减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又没有明确HH的患者,可考虑行磁环抗反流装置治疗 | 26 | 6 | 9 | 63.41 | 否 |
7. 减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行HHR+磁环抗反流装置 | 20 | 12 | 9 | 48.78 | 否 |
8. 减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行单纯HHR | 32 | 8 | 1 | 78.05 | 是 |
9. 减重效果理想,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,可考虑行HHR+胃固定术 | 28 | 11 | 2 | 68.29 | 否 |
10. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行Re-SG | 21 | 17 | 3 | 51.22 | 否 |
11. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG | 20 | 19 | 2 | 48.78 | 否 |
12. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行Re-SG+胃底折叠术 | 19 | 18 | 4 | 46.34 | 否 |
13. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG+胃底折叠术 | 18 | 18 | 5 | 43.90 | 否 |
14. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又无明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行Re-SG+His角重建 | 24 | 15 | 2 | 54.54 | 否 |
15. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,胃扩张、胃形态正常,可考虑行HHR+Re-SG+His角重建 | 21 | 18 | 2 | 51.22 | 否 |
16. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又没有明确HH的患者,无胃扩张/胃扭转,可考虑行RYGB | 35 | 5 | 1 | 85.37 | 是 |
17. 减重效果不理想/复胖,GERD诊断明确又有明确HH的患者,无胃扩张/胃扭转,可考虑行HHR+RYGB | 39 | 1 | 1 | 95.12 | 是 |
18. 减重效果理想,残胃狭窄引起的GERD,反复内镜下扩张失败的,可考虑行RYGB | 37 | 3 | 1 | 90.24 | 是 |
19. 减重效果不理想/复胖,残胃狭窄引起的GERD,可考虑行RYGB | 39 | 2 | 0 | 95.12 | 是 |
20. 若修正手术前合并难以纠正的贫血/营养不良,应慎重考虑RYGB | 38 | 3 | 0 | 92.68 | 是 |
参与共识投票专家:
中国:艾克拜尔·艾力(新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院)、阿里木江·麦斯依提(新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院)、陈亿(四川大学华西医院)、董志勇(暨南大学附属第一医院)、胡扬喜(郑州大学附属郑州中心医院)、花荣(复旦大学附属华山医院)、克力木·阿不都热依木(新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院)、刘少壮(山东大学齐鲁医院)、刘雁军(成都市第三人民医院)、孟化(中日友好医院)、沈奇伟(复旦大学附属华山医院)、王兵(上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院)、王存川(暨南大学附属第一医院)、王晓鹏(甘肃省人民医院)、王勇(中国医科大学附属第四医院)、吴边(云南省第一人民医院)、吴立胜(中国科学技术大学附属第一医院)、杨景哥(暨南大学附属第一医院)、姚琪远(复旦大学附属华山医院)、尹剑辉(昆明市第一人民医院)、于卫华(浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院)、张鹏(北京友谊医院)、朱利勇(中南大学湘雅三医院)、朱晒红(中南大学湘雅三医院)、朱孝成 (徐州医科大学附属医院)
韩国:Dong-Jae Jeon(H Plus Yanji Hospital)、Dong-Yeon Kang(KS Hospital)、Jong-Min Kim(Min General Surgery Hospital)、Sang Kuon Lee(Seoul St. Mary's Hospital)、Seung Wan Ryu(Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Centre)、Sung Bae Lee(Incheon Sejong Hospital)、Sung Il Choi(Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong)、Sungsoo Park(Korea University College of Medicine)、Yoona Chung(H Plus Yanji Hospital)
日本:Akira Umemura(Iwate Medical University School of Medicine)、Kazunori Kasama(Yotsuya Medical Cube)、Manabu Amiki(Kawasaki Saiwai Hospital)、Masayuki Ohta(Kitakyushu Central Hospital)、Seiichi Kitahama(Chibune General Hospital)、Takashi Oshiro(Toho University Sakura Medical Center)、Yosuke Seki(Yotsuya Medical Cube)
执笔者:花荣,朱利勇,董志勇,艾克拜尔·艾力
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