Abstract:

Objective: To investigate the alterations and significances of HMGB1 (high mobility group box-1 protein) and claudin-1 expression in the intestinal mucosal barrier injury caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were equally randomized into sham operation group, SAP model group (model group) and SAP model plus HMGB1 inhibitor ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment group (EP treatment group). SAP model was induced by retrograde cholangiopancreatic duct injection of 5% sodium taurocholate, and rats in EP treatment group underwent tail veil injection with EP solution 2 h after SAP model establishment. The rats in all groups were sacrificed 24 h after operation, and then the plasma levels of amylase, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and diamine oxidase (DAO) were determined, the pathological changes of the rat intestinal mucosa were assessed, and claudin-1 protein expression in intestinal mucosa detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and claudin-1 in the bowel tissues were measured by RT-PCR method. Results: Compared with sham operation group, the rats in model group showed significantly increased plasma levels of amylase, LPS and DAO (all P<0.05); intestinal mucosal barrier and intercellular tight junctions of the epithelial cells were damaged; the claudin-1 protein expression in the intestinal mucosa was decreased, and the HMGB1 mRNA expression was increased while claudin-1 mRNA expression was decreased in the intestinal tissues. In EP treatment group, the HMGB1 mRNA expression was increased, and both protein and mRNA expressions of claudin-1 were elevated in the bowel tissues with all the impairment parameters improved versus model group. Conclusion: The increased HMGB1 expression in the intestinal tissue which results in the down-regulation of tight junction protein claudin-1 is probably responsible for SAP induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury. HMGB 1inhibitor EP has protective effect against SAP induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the influence exerted by greater splanchnic nerve transection on the pathophysiological process of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in dogs. Methods: Twenty healthy mongrel dogs were randomly selected into sham operation group (n=4), ANP model group (model group, n=8) and ANP model with bilateral greater splanchnic nerve blockage group (GSNB group, n=8). The ANP model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate and trypsin into the pancreatic duct, and dogs in GSNB group underwent bilateral greater splanchnic nerve transection immediately after ANP induction. After surgery, the serum levels of pancreatic amylase (AMY), calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were monitored dynamically, and at postoperative day 7, all the animals were sacrificed and the pathological examinations were performed. Results: The results of repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that the serum AMY level was significantly increased, calcium level was significantly decreased, and the levels of HCRP, TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly increased in either model group or GSNB group versus sham operation group (all P<0.01); no significant difference was noted in AMY level between model group and GSNB group, but the serum levels of HCRP and TNF-α were lower and serum levels of calcium and IL-10 were higher in GSNB group than those in model group (all P<0.05). The gross and microscopic pathological findings showed that dogs in both model group and GSNB had typical ANP changes, but the severity of the pathological changes in GSNB group was milder than that of model group. Conclusion: Greater splanchnic nerve transection can alleviate development of pathological process in ANP dogs.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the mechanism of gastrointestinal motility disorders in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the related effects of Qingyi decoction administration. Methods: Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into sham operation group, SAP model group (model group) and SAP model with Qingyi decoction treatment group (Qingyi decoction treatment group). The SAP model was created by multi-point uniform injection of 5% sodium taurocholate beneath the pancreatic capsule, and rats in Qingyi decoction treatment group were given Qingyi decoction by gavage, while rats in sham operation group and model group were treated with normal saline of the same volume instead. Twenty-four hours after operation, the interdigestive myoelectric complex (IMC) of the gastric antrum of rats was recorded by using bipolar silver electrodes, the serum concentration of motilin (MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measureed by ELISA assay, and the pathological observation and scoring of the pancreatic tissues were performed. Results: Compared with sham operation group, both model group and Qingyi decoction treatment group presented with decreased MTL level and increased VIP level (all P<0.05), but the degrees of MTL reduction and VIP elevation in Qingyi decoction treatment group were lower than those in model group, and the pathological score of Qingyi decoction treatment group was also lower than that of model group (all P<0.05). The time periods of IMC cycle and phase I and II were prolonged but those of IMC phase III were shortened, and the amplitude and frequency of phase III peak potential in both model group and Qingyi decotion treatment group decreased in comparison with sham operation group (all P<0.05), but all these IMC indices in Qingyi decoction treatment group altered less than those in model group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the IMC phase III time in SAP rat was positively correlated with MTL concentration (r=0.967, P<0.05), while negatively correlated with VIP concentration and pathological scores of the pancreatic tissue (r=–0.592, P<0.05; r=–0.736, P<0.05). Conclusion: Gastrointestinal motility disorders in SAP is associated with abnormal function of the gastrointestinal hormones, and the improving effect on gastrointestinal motility of Qingyi decoction is probably attributable to its regulation of the levels of gastrointestinal hormones.

Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging for acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: Eighty-six AP patients were divided into 5 groups according to the Balthazar scoring system after 64-silce spiral CT perfusion imaging examination. The CT perfusion indexes including blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability-surface area product (PS), as well as the clinical biochemical parameters including serum and urine amylase (AMY) level, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hematocrit (HCT) among the groups were compared, and the correlation analyses between the perfusion indexes and clinical biochemical parameters were also performed. Results: Among the AP patients, both BF and BV values were decreased as the Balthazar score increased, and both values were significantly lower in severe AP patients than those in mild AP patients (P=0.013 and 0.025); the serum and urine AMY levels were increased at the early stage, but gradually decreased in the advanced stage of the disease, while CRP and HCT levels showed a continued increasing trend with increase in Balthazar score, and all the differences between groups had statistical significance (all P<0.05). Correlation analyses revealed that either BF or BV value had a significant negative correlation with HCT value in AP patients (r=–0.515 and –0.624, both P<0.05). Conclusion: The perfusion indexes BF and BV have correlation with biochemical parameter HCT, thus, spiral CT perfusion scanning has a certain value for diagnosis and severity grading of AP.

Abstract:Objective: To assess the application value of nasointestinal decompression tube (NDT) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: Fifty-six patients with SAP were designated to NDT group (observation group) or nasogastric tube group (control group), with 28 cases in each group. The drainage volume through decompression tube, time to abdominal distention/pain relief and outcomes along with the dynamic changes in parameters of laboratory tests and scores calculated according to APACHE II and Binder’s classification were observed. Results: Compared to control group, in observation group, the daily average drainage volume of gastrointestinal decompression was increased, time to abdominal distention/pain relief and average hospital stay was shortened, conversion rate to open surgery was reduced (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P<0.05); the time intervals for the blood white blood cell (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amylase enzyme (AMS), lipase (LPS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to return to normal levels were reduced (all P<0.05); both APACHE II and Binder scores were significantly decreased from the day 2–8 (all P<0.05) and approahced the level of control group at day 10 post-hospitalization (P>0.05). Conclusion: Using NDT can significantly improve the condition of SAP patients, reduce the incidence of complications and rate of surgery, and shorten the length of hospital stay, so it is recommended for clinical use.

Abstract:Objective: To analyze the occurrence and preventive measure of alimentary tract fistula associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods: The clinical data of 23 SAP patients complicated with alimentary tract fistula admitted between Jan 2000 to Jan 2012 were reviewed. The location and time of onset of the digestive tract fistula, and extent and features of the pancreatic lesions of these patients as well as the relationship between the occurrence of digestive tract fistula and drainage tube placement were analyzed. Results: Of the entire group of 23 patients, 11 cases were colonic fistulas (47.8%), 7 cases were duodenal fistulas (30.4%), 4 cases were small bowel fistulas (17.4%), and 1 case was gastric fistula (4.3%). The alimentary tract fistulas generally occurred within the first or second week after operation for SAP. The extent of pancreatitis damage in these patients was relatively large, which usually affected the head of the pancreas, duodenum and colon. The occurrence of digestive tract fistula in 16 of these cases was associated with the drainage tube placement. Conclusion: Alimentary tract fistulas in SAP are related to anatomic factors, extra-pancreatic inflammation and surgical injury as well as the natural course of SAP. Prevention of alimentary tract fistulas should be integrated into the overall treatment of SAP.

Abstract:Objective: To study the effect of 14-3-3σ gene overexpression on the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Methods: The coding sequence of 14-3-3σ gene was amplified by PCR using human genomic cDNA as a template and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1 to construct the recombinant pEGFP-14-3-3σ plasmid. After identification by restriction endonuclease digestion and nucleotide sequencing, the constructed plasmids were firstly transfected into the HEK293T cells to assess the transfection efficiency, following which they were transfected into the pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells mediated by liposome and subsequently, the mRNA and protein expression of the target gene in the PANC-1 cells and invasive ability of these cells were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blot analysis and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. The PANC-1 cells transfected with empty plasmid or without transfection were used as negative and blank control, respectively. Results: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing demonstrated that 14-3-3σ gene was correctly inserted into the pEGFP-N1 vector, and the transfection efficiency of pEGFP-14-3-3σ for HEK293T cells reached 65%. Both the 14-3-3σ mRNA and protein expression were increased significantly in the PANC-1 cells after transfection with pEGFP-14-3-3σ. The results of Transwell invasion assay showed the number of the pEGFP-14-3-3σ transfected PANC-1 cells that invaded through the membrane was significantly higher than that of the PANC-1 cells transfected with empty plasmid or without transfection (129.4±19.6 vs 76.4±17.7, 78.7±16.7) (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Overexpression of 14-3-3σ gene can enhance the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) in rats with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis. Methods: Eighteen SD rats were equally randomized into sham operation group, sepsis group and rosiglitazone pretreatment plus sepsis group (rosiglitazone group). Sepsis in rats was induced by means of CLP, and rats in rosiglitazone group were treated with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg) by gavage 30 min before CLP. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in rats were measured in tail-vein blood samples before and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after CLP. The rats were sacrificed at 150 min, the fasting insulin (FINs) levels were determined, and the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance indexes (HOMA-IRI) were calculated. In addition, the TNF-α concentrations in rat serum and jejunal tissues were measured. Results: The FPG level in rats of sepsis group was significantly increased compared with the level before surgery, and the FPG levels at each time point were all significantly higher than those of sham operation group (all P<0.05), while the change in FPG level in rats of rosiglitazone group was not evident, and its FPG levels showed no statistical differences compared with sham operation group at each time point (all P>0.05). The FINs level and HOMA-IRI as well as the TNF-α concentrations in the serum and jejunal tissues in sepsis group were all significantly higher than those in sham operation group (all P<0.05), but these parameters in rosiglitazone group changed unremarkably and presented no statistical differences versus sham operation group (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Rosiglitazone pretreatment can improve the IR state, and also reduce the systemic inflammatory response in rats with CLP induced sepsis.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of rapamycin in rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Methods: Fifty-four SD rats were equally randomized into sham operation group, OJ model group (model group) and OJ model plus rapamycin treatment group (treatment group). The rat OJ model was established by common bile duct ligation. Rats in treatment group received rapamycin 0.4 mg/kg once daily by subcutaneous injection after operation, and rats in both sham operation group and model group were given normal saline of the same volume instead. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at the postoperative day (POD) 1, 3 and 5 respectively, and the white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma endotoxin (ET) level and liver function parameters were determined, the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the liver tissues were measured by RT-PCR and liver pathological changes were also observed. Results: Except for the rats in sham operation group, rats in both model group and treatment group presented overt OJ manifestations, but those of rats in treatment group were milder than those in model group; the WBC count, plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL) and ET as well as the TNF-α mRNA level in the liver tissue were significantly higher in both model group and treatment group than those in sham operation group at each observation time point (all P<0.05), As shown by pathological studies in the liver specimens from rats in both model group and treatment group, there were pathological changes that included the dilatation of liver sinusoids, hepatocyte necrosis, hyperplastic bile duct cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. The comparison between model group and treatment group showed that all the determined variables were significantly lower in treatment group than those in model group at each observation time point (all P<0.05), and liver pathological damages were also milder in treatment group than those in model group. Conclusion: Rapamycin has hepatoprotective effect in OJ rats, and the mechanism may be partially due to its inhibition of the systemic inflammatory response.

Abstract:Objective: To explore in vitro culture method and growth characteristics of human great saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: VSMCs were primarily cultured and passaged by digestive and explant attached method, and then the cells were subcultured. The cultured cells were identified by morphological observation, immunofluorescence staining and Coomassie brilliant blue staining. The survival percentage, proliferation ability and migration ability of cells were determined by trypan blue staining, MTT assay, drawing growth curve and wound healing assay. Results: he primary cultured VSMCs grew out of the edge of tissue clumps after incubation for 5-7 d. The passage cells maintained "hill-valley" pattern of growth. Positive staining of α-actin in cell cytoplasm was revealed by immunofluorescence, and the cytoskeleton structure was observed as blue dense bundles with Coomassie brilliant blue staining. Cell survival percentage was 97%. The growth curve of VSMC resembled “S” in shape, a significant change of optical density was detected after culture for 3–6 d, and the wound width of the serum-free cultured VSMCs changed markedly within the first 24 h. Conclusion: In vitro cultured VSMCs are characterized by contractile phenotype and high purity with good structure and function. Proliferation activity is higher after growth for 3–6 d and migration ability is strongest within the first 24 h of culture.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the factors responsible for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and the prevention measures. Methods: The clinical data of 127 patients undergoing PD in our hospital between January 2009 and January 2012 were reviewed, and the potential factors for pancreatic fistula were evaluated by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The incidence of post-PD pancreatic fistula was 12.6% in the entire group of the patients. Univariate analysis showed that age, preoperative total serum protein level, pancreatic tissue texture, diameter of the main pancreatic duct, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative serum albumin level were associated with post-PD pancreatic fistula. Further, multivariate analysis revealed that age (≥ 65 years), soft pancreatic remnant and long operative time were the independent risk factors for post-PD pancreatic fistula. Conclusion: Old age, soft pancreatic remnant and prolonged operative time are independent risk factors for post-PD pancreatic fistula. A specialized surgical team, and standardized and skilled surgical performance are essential for reducing the incidence of post-PD pancreatic fistula.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the clinical applicability of modified end-to-side invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy. Methods: The clinical data of 31 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) from February 2004 to November 2012 were reviewed. Of the 31 patients, 19 were males and 12 were females with average age of 58 (16–76) years; 16 cases had pancreatic head cancer, 5 had ampullary cancer, 8 had inferior common bile duct cancer, and 2 had duodenal tumors. PD and modified end-to-side invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy were performed in all patients. The postoperative recovery and incidence of complications after reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract of the patients were analyzed. Results: Of the entire group, the operative time was 160–260 min, intraoperative blood loss was 100–500 mL, and the overall incidence of complications was 12.9%, including ascites and pancreatic fistula in 2 cases each, which were resolved by conservative therapy. There was no surgical death, and all patients were cured and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The modified end-to-side invagination technique for post-PD pancreaticojejunostomy has the advantages of easier performance, shorter operative time and less postoperative complications, so it is an effective improvement of pancreato-enteric anastomosis.

Abstract:Objective: To review the diagnosis and management of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas. Methods: The clinical records of 22 patients with pancreatic serous cystoadenoma admitted from 2004 January to 2010 December were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 22 patients, 4 were male and 18 were female, and their ages ranged from 16 to 74 (average of 47.0) years. Majority of patients were admitted for non-specific abdominal distension or pain, and some of them had no symptoms at all. The diagnotic sensitivity of ultrasound, CT and MRI for this disease was 86.3% (19/22), 93.8% (15/16) and 100% (12/12), respectively. All patients underwent surgical treatment and the diagnoses were validated by pathological examination. Of the patients, 5 cases underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, 1 case underwent duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, 2 cases underwent middle segment pancreatectomy, 3 cases underwent distal pancreatectomy, 5 cases underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, 2 cases underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, and 4 cases underwent pancreatic tumor enucleation. In the entire group, there was no perioperative death, whereas postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 5 cases, and bleeding of the pancreatic stump and delayed gastric emptying occurred in 1 case each. All these complications were resolved before the patients were discharged. All the patients were followed up for 10 months to 6 years and there was no recurrence. Conclusion: Pancreatic serous cystoadenoma is mainly seen in middle-aged and elderly women, and for this condition, ultrasound, CT and MRI examinations have high diagnostic value, and surgical resection is safe and effective treatment.

Abstract:Objective: To assess the clinical value of precise resection technique in treatment of functioning islet cell tumors. Methods: The clinical data of 24 patients with functioning islet cell tumors who underwent precise resection during January 2005 to July 2012 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All patients underwent precise resection of the lesion, namely that of a minimally invasive procedure with maximal preservation of normal functional pancreatic tissue. Of the whole group of patients, the operative time was 1.5–4.8 (2.8±0.7) h, intraoperative blood loss was 50–500 (213.78±46.60) mL and length of postoperative hospital stay was 12–32 (13.5±6.17) d. Postoperative pancreatic fistula developed in 4 patients and all were resolved by conservative treatment. All patients were cured and discharged from hospital and the follow-up duration ranged from 4 months to 7 years. During the follow-up period, no death, malignant change or recurrence occurred, and all patients had a better quality of life. Conclusion: For solitary benign islet cell tumors, the precise tumor resection based on the histologic features of the pancreatic tissue is recommended.

Abstract:Objective: To investigate the preventive measures of acute pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: Within the period of July 2010 to November 2012, 100 patients undergoing ERCP were randomly designated to observation group or control group with 50 cases in each group. After ERCP procedure, the patients in observation group received the combination treatment of somatostatin (octreotide 0.1 mg/8 h subcutaneous injection for 24 h) and proton pump inhibitor (pantoprazole 40 mg/d intravenous drip for 2 d), while those in control group were given normal saline instead. The serum levels of amylase at 3, 12 and 24 h after ERCP, and incidences of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis between the two groups were compared. Results: The general data between the two groups were comparable. The serum levels of amylase in observation group at 3, 12 and 24 h after ERCP were all significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05). The incidences of hyperamylasemia at 12 and 24 h after ERCP and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis in observation group were all significantly lower than those in control group (18% vs. 42%; 8% vs. 22%; 2% vs. 16%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination use of somatostatin and proton pump inhibitor can reduce the incidences of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis, so it is safe and effective for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Abstract:ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics and diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas. Methods: The clinical data of 36 patients with heterotopic pancreas admitted during the past two years were reviewed, and the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic method of this condition were analyzed. Results: Of the entire group, 19 patients were males and 17 were females. Most patients had an onset of illness between 30 to 49 years of age, and the gastric antrum was the most common site of involvement. All 36 cases presented with repeated episodes of abdominal discomfort, and 7 of them were diagnosed as heterotopic pancreas by gastrointestinal endoscopy, which had an accordance rate of 19.4% with final pathological results. Conclusion: The etiology of heterotopic pancreas has no obvious relationship with sex, but relates to the age and inflammatory conditions (e.g. superficial gastritis and erosion) of the patients. The correct diagnosis of heterotopic pancreas requires a combined evaluation of the clinical and pathological findings.

Abstract:bjective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of traumatic pancreatitis in children. Methods: The clinical data of 13 children with traumatic pancreatitis admitted from January 2003 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 13 patients, 8 boys and 5 girls, were aged 5–12 (7.22±3.54) years. The traumatic causes were due in 7 cases to abdominal contusion, in 4 cases to traffic-related accidents and in 2 cases to falls, and all of them were blunt abdominal injuries. Nine cases with class I pancreatic injury (2 cases with concomitant liver contusion), and 3 cases with class II pancreatic injury received conservative management such as intravenous antibiotics, fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, total parenteral nutrition, and pancreatic enzyme inhibition, and 4 of them developed a pancreatic pseudocyst at 1 month to 2 months after discharge, of whom the lesion spontaneously resolved in 1 case after symptomatic treatment, and 3 cases were treated by internal drainage by means of a Roux-Y cysto-jejunostomy (in one case laparoscopic anastomosis could not be done after endoscopic exploration, and was converted to open surgery). One case with class III pancreatic injury (accompanied with splenic contusion) underwent laparoscopic abdominal drainage, but developed a pancreatic pseudocyst 1 month later, and then underwent endoscopic exploration and Roux-Y cysto-jejunostomy. Eventually, all the patients were completely cured. Conclusion: The selection of treatment of traumatic pancreatitis in children should be based on the degree of pancreatic injury. Laparoscopic abdominal drainage is one of the effective methods for traumatic pancreatitis in children with class III injury, however, as well as laparoscopic Roux-Y cysto-jejunostomy, it requires further exploration and consideration.

Abstract:Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant diseases with the poorest prognosis, so the investigation into its pathogenesis is of great clinical importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in various biological processes via controlling gene expression, and the aberrant expression of miRNAs is closely associated with initiation and progression of tumors as well as correlated with the prognosis. In this paper, the authors present the recent advances regarding the relations of miRNAs with the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Abstract:Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) often presents as intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction and gastrointestinal motility disorders. In this paper, the authors address the research progress in the mechanism of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction during different stages of SAP, and the content includes the characteristics of the three clinical phases of SAP and the underlying pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms.

Abstract:

DNA polymerase θ (POLQ) is a member of the family A DNA polymerase, and is highly expressed in tumor cells and some normal human tissues. POLQ plays a critical role in maintenance of the chromosomal stability in human cells which thereby avoids the occurrence of diseases through its participation in DNA damage tolerance processes. Meanwhile, it is always the culprit for the increased mutation susceptibility of the tissue cells due to its characteristic low-fidelity, for either its abnormally high expression or defect can cause the occurrence of tumors or other diseases. This paper presents the recent progress concerning the mechanism underlying the POLQ involved DNA damage tolerance and its low-fidelity induced mutation susceptibility as well as its role in the occurrence and development of tumors.

Abstract:

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are endowed with an inherent resistance to cytotoxic drugs, and are closely related to the migration, invasiveness and anti-apoptotic ability of the cancer cells. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process where epithelial cells acquire the highly invasive and metastatic characteristics of mesenchymal cells, and it has a close connection with CSCs. In this paper, the authors address the recent progress in relationship between the EMT status of CSCs and tumor metastasis, and between the localization and chemotaxis of CSCs and the formation of the metastatic colonies, as well as the relation of CSCs with the therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

Abstract:Peritoneal diseases are common in clinical practice with a variety of causes, such as infective and malignant diseases. As a high-tech imaging technique, PET/CT examination can microcosmically observe the metabolic characteristics of the peritoneal lesions in addition to the morphological characterization. So it has great significance in early detection, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic efficacy observation of peritoneal diseases, as well as identification of the primary site of peritoneal metastasis. This paper presents the clinical value of PET/CT in the diagnosis of peritoneal diseases.

Abstract:目的：探讨腹腔镜诊治闭孔疝。 方法：回顾2006年3月—2010年12月期间应用腹腔镜诊治2例闭孔疝患者的临床资料。 结果：术前怀疑闭孔疝经腹腔镜探查明确诊断1例，2例患者均通过腹腔镜行疝囊处理，手术顺利，术后恢复好。 结论：应用腹腔镜对闭孔疝患者进行早期诊断和治疗是可行的，其有操作方便、创伤小、恢复快等微创优点。