Objective: To study the significance of expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha(HIF-1α) in gastric mucosal diseases. Methods:Using tissue chip technique to creat tissue chip in 120 cases of vary gastric mucosal disease,and using S-P immunohistochemical methods to detect the expressions of HIF-1α in these tissue chips. Results:The positive rates of HIF-1α was 28.3% in 120 tissue chips of gastric mucosal diseases. The positive rates of HIF-1α was 0, 10.0%, 40.0% and 63.3% in chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia and intestinal type gastric cancer, respectively. The positive rates of HIF-1α of intestinal type gastric cancer and chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia were significantly higher than that in chronic superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia(P<0.05). Conclusions:The results demonstrate that HIF-1α is a good marker of gastric precancerous lesion. It is feasible to use of tissue chip for a rapid screen of massive tissue specimens clinically,and it is a high efficacy,economic and accurate method for delecting gastric precancerous lesion.